Foto: © Arild Landa
 
  Publikasjoner om ulv

På disse sidene finnes en oversikt over publikasjoner som er fremkommet fra forskningsprosjektene på ulv. En del av artiklene og rapportene vil det være mulig å få en kopi av ved henvendelse til de ansvarlige i prosjektene.
 



Artsfakta

Overvåking av ulv

Forskning

Publikasjoner

Lenker

Kontakt oss
 


Abraham, G. R.; et al 1980. Red wolf recovery plan - U.S. Fish & Wildl. Ser.

Abrams, P. A. 1982. Functional responses of optimal foragers - Amer. Nat.; 1982. 120(3): 382-390.

Adamczewski, J. Z.; Gates, C. C.; Soutar, B. M.; Hudson, R. J. 1988. Limiting effects of snow on seasonal habitat use and diets of caribou on Coats Island, Northwest Territories, Canada - Can J. Zool.; 66: 1986-1996.

Adamovich, V. L. 1985. Rabies in wolves in the central part of the Russian valley [English summary] Zool. Zh. 64: 590-599.

Adams, L. G.; Dale, B. W.; Shults, B. 1989. Population ecology of wolves in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve - U. S. National Park Service Report

Adams L. G.; Mech, L. D. 1994. Population trends of wolves and caribou in Denali National Park, Alaska National Trend and Status Report

Adams, L. G.; Stephenson, R. O. 1986. Wolf Survey, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve-1986 - U. S. National Park Service Report.

Addison, R. B.; Williamson, J. C.; Saunders, B. P.; Fraser, D. 1980 Radio-tracking of moose in the boreal forest of northwestern Ontario Can. Field Nat. 94: 269-276.

Adorjan, A. S.; Kolenosky, G. B. 1969 A manual for the identification of hairs of selected Ontario mammals Ontario Dept. of Lands and Forests. 90.

Afik, D.; Alkin, P. U. 1983 Movements of a radio collared wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) in the Negev highlands, Israel Isr. J. Zool. 32: 138-146.

Afik, D.; Pinshow, B. 1993 Temperature regulation and water economy in desert wolves J. Arid Environ. 24(2): 197-209.

Aguilera, E.; Alvarez, F; Ferrandez, M. J.; Blazquez, J. 1982 Structuring of the interactions in a litter of wolves Donana Acta Vertebr. 9: 353-368.

Ahlgren, C. E. 1976 Regeneration of red pine and white pine following wildfire and logging in northeastern Minnesota Journal of Forestry; March. 74(3).

Ahlgren, C. E. 1959 Some effects of fire on forest reproduction in northeastern Minnesota Journal of Forestry; March. 57(3): 194-200.

Ahlgren, C. E. 1960 Some effects of fire on reproduction and growth of vegetation in northeastern Minnesota Ecology; July. 41(3): 431-445.

Aiton, J. F. 1983 Relationship of predators to white-tailed deer in Glacier National Park Trans. North Am. Wildl. Conf. 3: 302-304.

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1983 Wolf management programs in Alaska, 1975-1983 Alaska Department of Fish and Game.

Albright, C. A.; Keith, L. B. 1987 Population Dynamics of Moose on the South-coast Barrens of Newfoundland Can. Field Nat.. 101: 373-387.

Aldous, S. E. 1944 A Deer Browse Survey Method - Journal of Mammalogy. 25(2): 130-136.

Aldous, S. E. 1938 Beaver Food Utilization Studies The Journal of Wildlife Management. 2(4): 215-222.

Aldous, S. E. 1949 Experimental Planting of Food and Cover for Deer Wildlife Leaflet 320.

Aldous, S. E.; Smith, C. F. Fall and Winter Food Habits of Deer in Northeastern Minnesota USFWS Wildlife Leaflet ; 1948. 310: 1-10.

Alexander, H. E. The red wolf saga Arkansas Game Fish; 1983. 14(2): 2-6.

Allen, D. L. How wolves kill: Skill and strategy are needed to bring down large-sized prey Natural History; May 1979. 88(5): 46-50.

Allen, D. L. Wolf-moose studies demonstrate scientific value of wilderness Trans. Ill. State Acad. Sci.; 1978. 71(4): 436-438.

Allen, D.; Mech, L. D. Wolves versus moose on Isle Royale National Geog. Mag.; 1963. 200-219.

Allen, G. M. Dogs of the American Aborigines Museum of Comparative Zoology Bulletin, 1920. 63: 431-517.

Allen, G. M. Extinct and vanishing mammals of the western hemisphere Am. Comm. Int. Wildl. Protect; 1942. 11.

Ames, N. Data-access needs of wild - and captive - wolf management and research: A proposal for a centralized data-bibliography bank. In Proceedings of the First International Captive Wolf Research Conference The University of Michigan-Flint.

Ames, N. Mexican wolves in captivity: A review of the lineage originating in the 1960's at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Typescript; 1980.

Anderson, J. M. Can Biologists Break The Bottleneck? Transactions of the Twenty-Seventh North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference; 1962.

Anderson, R. Summary of the large wolves in Canada, with description of three new arctic races J. Mamm.; 1943. 24(3): 386-393.

Anderson, R. E.; Ryon, J.; Fentress, J. C. Human perception of friendly and agonistic wolf interactions. Aggressive Behav.; 1991. 17(2): 58. (Abstract )

Andersson, M.; Krebs, J. On the evolution of hoarding behavior Anim. Behav.; 1978. 26(3): 707-711.

Andrews, R. D.; Calhoun, J. C. Characteristics of a White-tailed Deer Population in Illinois Report No. 1: 1-8

Andriashek, D.; Henk, P. L.; Taylor, K.; Taylor, M. K. Observations of foxes, (Alopex lagopus, and Vulpes vulpes), and wolves, (Canis lupus), on the off-shore sea ice of northern Labrador Can. Field-Nat.; 1985. 99(1): 86-89.

Annabel, R. Wolf song in the north True Magazine; 1949. 32-.

Anonymous Acclaimed wolf exhibit finds home in Ely MN Explorer; Spring/Summer 1993.

Anonymous Activists cry pro-wolf in National Wildlife EnviroAction National Wildlife EnviroAction; Oct 1992. 6-7.

Anonymous Answers to questions frequently asked about Alaska's wolf predation control programs Alaska Dept. Fish & Game; 1985.

Anonymous Current management of ungulates and their predators in the Yukon Territory Yukon Dept. Renew. Resour.; 1984.

Anonymous Self-portraits of wolves Science (suppl.); 1935. 82(2133).

Anonymous Timber wolf reclassification debated Endangered Species Tech. Bull.; 1977. 2(3): 1-4.

Anonymous Wolves and coyotes in Ontario. (Map) Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests; 1972. (Map)

Anonymous Wolves for Yellowstone? In a report to the United States Congress: Research and analysis. May 1990. 1.

Archer, J.; Taft, S. J.; Thiel, R. P. Parasites of Wolves, Canis lupus, in Wisconsin, as Determined from Fecal Examinations Proc. Helminthol. Society Washington; 1986. 53(2): 290-291.

Archibald, W. R. Wolf management in British Columbia - Past, present and future. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 170-180.

Archibald, W. R.; Janz, D.; Atkinson, K. Wolf Control: A Management Dilemma Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf.; 1991. 56: 497-511.

Armstrong, R. A. Fetal Development of the Northern White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis Miller) The American Midland Naturalist; 1950. 43(3): 650-666

Asa, C. S.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. The use of urine, feces and anal-gland secretions in scent-marking by a captive wolf (Canis lupus) pack Anim. Beh.; 1985. 33(3): 1034-1036.

Asa, C. S.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S.; Plotka, E. D. The influence of social and endocrine factors on urine-marking by captive wolves (Canis lupus) Hormones and Behavior; 1990. 24: 497-509.

Asa, C. S.; Peterson, E. K.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Deposition of anal gland secretions during defecation by wolves Annual meeting, Animal Behavior Society, Duluth; 1982.

Asa, C. S.; Peterson, E. K.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Deposition of anal-sac secretions by captive wolves (Canis lupus) J. Mamm.; 1985. 66(1): 89-93.

Asa, C. S.; Seal, U. S.; Letellier, M.; Plotka, E. D.; Peterson, E. K. Pinealectomy or superior cervical ganglionectomy do not alter reproduction in the wolf (Canis lupus) Biol. Reprod.; 1987. 37(1): 14-21.

Asa, C. S.; Seal, U. S.; Plotka, E. D.; Letellier, M A.; Mech, L. D. Effect of anosmia on reproduction in male and female wolves (Canis lupus) Behav. Neural Biol.; 1986. 46: 272-284.

Atkins, D. L.; Dillon, L. S. Evolution of the cerebellum in the genus Canis J. Mamm.; 1971. 52: 96-107.

Atkinson, K. Effect of wolf control on black-tailed deer in the Nimpkish Valley on Vancouver Island. Ministry of Envir., Fish, and Wildl., Vancouver Island Region Ministry of Envir., Fish, and Wildl., Vancouver Island Region; 1985.

Atwell, G. An aerial census of wolves in the Nelchina wolf study area Proc. Alaska Sci. Conf.; 1963. 14: 79-83.

Atwell, G. Wolf predation on calf moose J. Mamm.; 1964. 45(2): 313-314.

Aulerich, R. J. Status of the wolf in North America

Michigan State University, M.S. Thesis; 1964.

Babero, B. B.; Rausch, R. Notes on some trematodes parasitic to Alaskan canidae Proc. Helminthological Soc. Washington; 1952. 19(1): 15-17.

Babinok, V.; Grinberg, A. Information resource of hunting cadastre Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1991. 20(2): 647-648.

Bailey, A. M.; Hendee, R. W. Notes on the mammals of northwestern Alaska J. Mamm.; 1926. 7(1): 9-28.

Bailey, R. Recovery plan for the eastern timber wolf U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC; 1978.

Bailey, V. Wolves in relation to stock, game, and the National Forest Reserves USDA, Forest Service Bulletin; 1907. 72.

Bakarich, A. C. Comparative development in wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris) Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, MS Thesis; 1979. (Unpubl.)

Ballantyne, E. E.; O'Donoghue, J. D. Rabies control in Alberta J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.; 1954. 125(931): 316-326.

Ballard, W. B. Bear predation on moose: A review of recent North American studies and their management implications Alces Supplement; 1992. (1): 162-176.

Ballard, W. B. Brown bear kills grey wolf Canad. Field Natural.; 1980. 94(1): 1-91.

Ballard, W. B. Effects of black bear predation on caribou - A review Alces; 1994. 30: 25-35.

Ballard, W. B. Modelled impacts of wolf and bear predation on moose calf survival Alces; 1992. 28: 79-88.

Ballard, W. B.; Ayres, L. A.; Gardner, C. L.; Foster, J. W. Den site activity patterns of gray wolves, Canis lupus, in southcentral alaska Can. Field-Nat.; 1991. 105(4): 497-504.

Ballard, W B.; Ayres, L. A.; Roney, K. E.; Spraker, T. H. Immobilization of gray wolves with a combination of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride J. Wildl. Manage.; 1991. 55(1): 71-74.

Ballard, W. B.; Dau, J. R. Characteristics of gray wolf den and rendezvous sites in southcentral Alaska Can. Field-Nat.; 1983. 97(3): 299-302.

Ballard, W. B.; Farnell, R.; Stephenson, R. O. Long distance movement by gray wolves Can. Field-Nat.; 1983. 97(3): 333.

Ballard, W. B.; Franzmann, A. W.; Gardner, C. L. Comparison and assessment of drugs used to immobilize Alaskan gray wolves (Canis lupus) and wolverines (Gulo gulo) from a helicopter J. Wildl. Dis.; 1982. 18(3): 339-342.

Ballard, W. B.; Gardner, C. L.; Miller, S. D. Influence of predators on summer movements of moose in southcentral Alaska North Am. Moose Conf. Workshop; 1980. 16: 338-359.

Ballard, W. B.; Gardner, C. L.; Reed, D. J. Use of line-intercept track sampling for estimating wolf densities. Can. Wildl. Serv. Ser.; 1992.

Ballard, W. B.; Gardner, C. L.; Westlund, J. H.; Dau, J. R. Big game studies: Wolf. Susitna Hydroelectric Project Final Phase I - Final Report Alaska Dept. Fish and Game; 1982. 5.

Ballard, W. B.; Larsen, D. G. Implications of predator-prey relationships to moose management Swedish Wildl. Res.; 1987. (Suppl. 1): 581-602.

Ballard, W. B.; Miller, S. D. Effects of reducing brown bear density on moose calf survival in south-central Alaska Alces; 1990. 26: 9-13.

Ballard, W. B.; Miller, S. D.; Whitman, J. S. Brown and black bear predation on moose in southcentral Alaska Alces; 1990. 26: 1-8.

Ballard, W. B.; Miller, S. M.; Whitman, J. S. Modeling a soutncentral Alaskan moose population Alces; 1986. 22: 201-243.

Ballard, W. B.; Spraker, T. Unit 13 wolf studies. Big game investigations. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau; 1979. 2.

Ballard, W. B.; Spraker, T. H.; Taylor, K. P. Causes of neonatal moose calf mortality in south-central Alaska J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1981. 45(2): 335-342.

Ballard, W. B.; Stephenson, R. O. Wolf control--take some and leave some Alces; 1982. 18: 276-300.

Ballard, W. B.; Stephenson, R. O.; Spraker, T. H. Nelchina Basin wolf studies ADF&G Fed. Aid in Wildl. Res. Final Rep.; 1981.

Ballard, W. B.; Tankersley, N. G.; Aumiller, L. D.; Hessing, P. Susitna Hydroelectric Project. Vol III. Moose-upstream ADF&G 1983 Annual Report. Big Game Studies; 1984. 3.

Ballard, W. B.; Whitman, J. S.; Gardner, C. L. Ecology of an exploited wolf population in south-central Alaska. Wildl. Monogr.; July 1987. 98: 1-54.

Ballard, W B.; Whitman, J. S.; Reed, D. J. Population dynamics of moose in south-central Alaska Wildl. Monogr.; Jan 1991. 114.

Banfield, A. W. The animals of Banff National Park, Alberta National Museum of Canada Bulletin; 1958. 159.

Banfield, A. W. F. Populations and movements of the Saskatchewan timber wolf (*Canis lupus knightii) in Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, 1947 to 1951. Can. Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Man. Bull.; 1951. 1(4).

Banfield, A. W. F. Preliminary investigation of the barren-ground caribou. Can. Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Man. Bull.; 1954. 1(10A, 10B).

Banfield, A. W. F. The range of individual timber wolves (*Canis lupus) J. Mamm.; 1953. 34(3): 389-390.

Banfield, A. W. F. The role of ice in the distribution of mammals J. Mamm.; 1954. 35: 104-107.

Banfield, A. W. F.; Tener, J. S. A preliminary study of the Ungava caribou J. Mamm.; 1958. 39: 560-573.

Bangs, E. Return of a predator: wolf recovery in Montana Western Wildlands; 1991. 17(1): 7-13.

Bangs, E. E.; Fritts, S. H. Reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho Endangered Species Technical Bulletin; 1993. 18(3): 1, 18-20.

Banks, E. M.; Pimlott, D. H.; Ginsburg, B. E. Ecology and behavior of the wolf Am. Zool.; 1967. 7: 221-222.

Banville, D. Status and management of wolves in Quebec. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 41-43.

Baranov, O. K.; Iurishina, N. A.; Savina, M. A. Immuno-diffusion analysis of plasma proteins in canidae Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii I Fiziologii; 1976. 12: 428-433.

Barcena, F. Census of wolf litters in the northern half of Lugo Province in 1975 and other data on their population Bol. Estac. Cent. Ecol.; 1976. 5(9): 45-54.

Barnard, T. Current population status of black bear, grizzly bear, cougar and wolf in the Skagit River Watershed Fish & Wildl. Branch, Ministry of Environ.; 1986.

Barnett, J. A. Part 7. Beaver, furbearers, lynx, wolf and wolverine. Annual Rep. Surv. Inventory Activ. Alaska Dept. Fish Game; 1983. 13(W-22-1).

Bartlett, I. H. Cedar Swamp Management and Deer Proceedings Society of American Foresters Meeting; 1947.

Bates, D. N. History of the Timber Wolf and Coyote in Ontario Ontario Department of Lands and Forests; 1958.

Bath, A. J. Attitudes of various interest groups in Wyoming toward wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park Univ. Wyoming, Laramie. M.S. Thesis; 1987.

Bath, A. J. Countywide survey of the general public in Wyoming in counties around the park towards wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park. U.S. Natl. Park Serv. Rep.; 1987.

Bath, A. J. Public attitudes in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho toward wolf restoration in Yellowstone National Park Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf.; 1991. 56: 91-95.

Bath, A. J. Statewide survey of the Wyoming general public attitude towards wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park U.S. Natl. Park Serv. Rep.; 1987.

Bauer, E. A. I say make wolves big game! Outdoor Life; January 1968. 27-30 & 76-81.

Baumann, F.; Huber, W. On the development and juvenile skull shape of different canids. Archiv Fuer Julius Klaus-Stiftung Fuer Ver. Soz. Rass.; 1946. 21: 352-361.

Beach, F. A.; Buehler, M. G.; Dunbar, I. F. Competitive behavior in male, female and pseudohermaphorditic female dogs J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol.; 1982. 96: 855-874.

Beaver, B. V. The genetics of canine behavior Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin.; 1981. 76: 1423-1424.

Becker, E. F. A terrestrial furbearer estimator based on probability sampling J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1991. 55(4): 730-737.

Becker, E. F.; Gardner, c. L. Wolf and wolverine density estimation techniques ADF&G, Fed. Aid in Wildl. Restoration Rep.; 1991.

Bednarz, J. C. The Mexican wolf: Biology, History and Prospects for re-establishment in New Mexico U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque; 1988.

Beer, J. R.; Lukens, P.; Olson, D. Small Mammal Populations on the Islands of Basswood Lake, Minnesota Ecology; 1954. 35(4):437-445.

Bego, U.; Zobundzija, M. Comparison of the blood vessels and nerves on the pelvic extremities of some predators Biol. Glasnik; 1968. 21(1-4): 1-8. (In Serbo-Croat, English Summ.)

Bekoff, M. Accuracy of scent mark identification for free-ranging dogs J. Mamm.; 1980. 61(1): 150.

Bekoff, M. An ethological study of the development of social interaction in the genus Canis: A dyadic analysis Wash. Univ., St. Louis, Ph.D. Thesis; 1972.

Bekoff, M. Ground scratching by male domestic dogs: a composite signal J. Mamm.; 1979. 60(4): 847-848.

Bekoff, M. Mammalian dispersal and the ontogeny of individual behavioral phenotypes Am. Nat.; 1977. 111(980): 715-732.

Bekoff, M. Social communication in Canids; Evidence for the evolution of a stereotyped mammalian display Science; 1977. 197: 1097-1099.

Bekoff, M. Social play and play-soliciting by infant Canids Am. Zool.; 1974. 14: 323-340.

Bekoff, M. Social Play in Coyotes, Wolves, and Dogs Bio-Science; April 1974. 24(4): 225-230.

Bekoff, M. The development of social interaction, play and metacommunication in mammals; an ethological perspective Quarterly review of Biology; 1972. 47: 412-434.

Bekoff, M.; Hill, H. L.; Mitton, J. B. Behavioral taxonomy in canids by discriminant function analyses Science; 1975. 190: 1223-1225.

Bekoff, M.; Jamieson, R. Physical development in coyotes (*Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids. J. Mamm.; August 1975. 56(3): 685-692.

Bekoff, M.; Mech, L. D. Simulation analyses of space use: Home range estimates, variability, and sample size Behavior Res. Methods and Instrumentation; 1984. 16(1): 32-37.

Belyaev, D. K. Destabilizing selection as a factor in domestication J. of Hered.; 1979. 70: 301-308.

Benirschke, K.; Low, R. J. Chromosome complement of the coyote Mamm. Chromosomes Newsletter; 1965. 15: 102-103.

Bennett, N. L. Some aspects of co-operative pup-rearing in a pack of captive timber wolves (*Canis lupus) Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Dalhousie University, M.S. Thesis; 1979.

Berezkin, A. G. The role of intra-joint pressure in biomechanics of limb joints Vestnik Zoologii; 1976. 9(6): 85-87. [In Russian, English summ.]

Berg, W. E. Historical and present wolf populations and distribution in Minnesota Minn. Dep. Nat. Resour. Wildl. Rep.; 1990. 43-45.

Berg, W. E. Scent station indices in Minnesota, 1975 to 1980 Minnesota Wildlife Research Quarterly; 1981.

Berg, W. E.; Kuehn, D. W. A study of the timber wolf population on the Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota Minn. Wildl. Res. Q. 40(1):1-16

Bergerud, A. T. Antipredator strategies of caribou: Dispersion along shorelines Can. J. Zool. 63(6):1324-1329.

Bergerud, A. T. Decline of caribou in North America following settlement J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1974. 38: 757-770.

Bergerud, A. T.; Ballard, W. B. Wolf predation on caribou: the Nelchina herd case history, a different interpretation J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1988. 52F(2): 344-357.

Bergerud, A. T.; Ballard, W. B. Wolf predation on the Nelchina caribou herd: a reply J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1989. 53(1): 251-259.

Bergerud, A. T.; Butler, H. E.; Miller, D. R. Antipredator tactics of calving caribou; dispersion in mountains Can. J. Zool.; 1984. 62(8): 1566-1575.

Bergerud, A. T.; Elliot, J. P. Dynamics of caribou and wolves in northern British Columbia Can. J. Zool.; 1986. 64: 1515-1529.

Bergerud, A. T.; Snider, J. B. Predation in the dynamics of moose populations: a reply J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1988. 52: 559-564.

Bergerud, A. T.; Wyett, W.; Snider, J. B. The role of wolf predation in limiting a moose population J. Wildl. Man.; 1983. 47(4): 977-988.

Biben, M. Comparative ontogeny of social behavior in 3 South American canids, the maned wolf, crab eating fox and bush dog -- implications for sociality Anim. Behav.; 1983. 31(3): 814-826.

Bibikov, D. I. Large predators and man in the USSR Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1990. 19(2): 558-561.

Bibikov, D. I.; Filimonov, A. N. The Wolf: problems of population regulation Okhota i okhotnich'e khozyaystvo; 1974. 10: 5-7.

Bibikov, D. I.; Filimonov, A. N.; Kudaktin, A. N. Territorality and migration of the wolf in the USSr Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 267-268.

Bibikov, D. I.; Filonov, K. P. The wolf in preserves in the USSR Priroda; 1980. 2.

Bibikov, D. I.; Kudaktin, A. N.; Ryabov, L. S. Synanthropic wolves: distribution ecology [English summary] Zool. Zh.; 1985. 64: 429-441.

Bibikov, D. I.; Ovsyannikov, N. G.; Filimonov, A. N. The status and management of the wolf population in the USSR Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 269-271.

Bider, R. J.; Weil, P. G. Dog, *Canis familiaris, killed by a coyote, *Canis latrans, on Montreal Island, Quebec Can. Field-Nat.; 1984. 98: 498-499.

Bishop, R. H.; Rausch, R. A. Moose population fluctuations in Alaska, 1950-1972 Naturalist Can.; 1974. 101: 559-593.

Bjarvall, A. Scandinavia's response to a natural repopulation of wolves Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 273-275.

Bjarvall, A.; Nilsson, E. Surplus-killing of reindeer by wolves J. Mamm.; 1976. 57: 585.

Bjorge, R. R. Mortality of cattle on two types of grazing areas in northwestern Alberta J. Range Man.; 1983. 36(1): 20-21.

Bjorge, R. R. Wolves of the Simonette cattle leases, 1975-1979 Alberta Energy and Nat. Res., Fish and Wildl. Div.

Bjorge, R. R.; Gunson, J. R. Evaluation of wolf control to reduce cattle predation on Alberta J. Range Man.; 1985. 38(6): 483-486.

Bjorge, R. R.; Gunson, J. R. Wolf population characteristics and prey relationships near Simonette river, Alberta Can. Field Nat.; 1989. 103(3): 327-334.

Bjorge, R. R.; Gunson, J. R. Wolf predation on cattle on the Simonette river pastures in northwestern Alberta. In Carbyn, L. N. ed. Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology and management. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 106-111.

Blackwell, A. L. Extremes in the resource consumption process: a mathematical model of the irruption of the moose population on Isle Royale. Part 1 - Ecological background and model development Eco. Mod.; 1983. 20(1): 47-69.

Blair, N. Backtracking a wolf hunter's trail Wyoming Wildlife; February 1971. 10-12 & 33-37.

Blanco, J. C.; Reig, S.; de la Cuesta, L. Distribution, status and conservation problems of the wolf Canis lupus in Spain Biol. Conserv.; 1992. 60(2): 73-80.

Boertje, R. D.; Gasaway, W. C.; Grangaard, D. V.; Kellyhouse, D. G.; Stephenson, R. O. Predation on moose and caribou by radio-collared grizzly bears in eastcentral Alaska Can. J. Zool.; 1988. 66: 2492-2499.

Boertje, R. D.; Gasaway, W. C.; Reed, D. J.; Davis, J. L.;Holleman, D. F.; Stephenson, R. O.; Ballard, W. B. Testing socially acceptable methods of managing predators: reducing wolf predation on moose through increased caribou abundance. In Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration: Final Report . Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau; 1992.

Boertje, R. D.; Gasaway, W.C.; Valkenburg, P.; DuBois, S. D.; Grangaard, D. V. Wildlife Research and Management: Testing Socially Acceptable Methods of Managing Predation--Reducing Predation on Caribou and Moose Neonates by Diversionary Feeding of Predators, Macomb Plateau, 1990-94. Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, 1990.

Boertje, R. D.; Stephenson, R. O. Effects of ungulate availability on wolf reproductive potential in Alaska Can. J. Zool.; 1992. 70(12): 2441-2443. 1992. (In English with French summ.)

Bogan, M. A.; Mehlhop, P. Systematic relationships of gray wolves (*Canis lupus) in southwest North America. Mus. Southwestern Biol., Univ. NM, Albuquerque; June 1983. (1).

Boggess, E. K.; Andrews, R. D.; Bishop, R. A. Domestic animal losses to coyotes and dogs in Iowa J. Wildl. Manage.; 1978. 42: 362-372.

Boitani, L. Genetic considerations on wolf conservation in Italy Biol. Zool.; 1984. 51: 367-375.

Boitani, L. Wolf and dog competition in Italy Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 259-264.

Boitani, L. Wolf research and conservation in Italy Biol. Conserv.; 1992. 61(2): 125-132.

Boitani, L.; Fabbri, L. Strategia di conservazione del Lupo in Italia Ist. Naz. Biol. Selvaggina, Bologna; 1983. 72: 1-31.

Boitani, L.; Fabbri, M. L. Census of canids in Italy with particular reference to the phenomena of free ranging dogs [In Italian with English summ.] Ric. Biol. Selvaggina; 1983. 73: 50. [In Italian with English summ.]

Boitani, L.; Fabbri, M. L. National strategy for the conservation of the wolf (*Canis lupus) Ric. Biol. Selvaggina; 1983. 72: 30. [In Italian with English summ.]

Boles, B. K. Predation by wolves on wolverines Can. Field-Nat. ; 1977. 91(1): 68-69.

Bologov, V. Sound signaling in wolves Okhota Okhotn. Khoz.; 1982. 5: 11-13.

Borgaonkar, D. S.; Elliot, O. S.; Wong, M.; Scott, J. P. Chromosome study of four breeds of dogs J. Hered.; 1968. 59: 157-160.

Boscaplia, G. Il Lupo Carlo Lorenzion, Editori, Via Graonet 24 Udine; 1985.

Boutin, S. Predation and moose population dynamics: A critique J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1992. 56(1): 116-127.

BovŽe, K. C.; Bush, M.; Dietz, J.; Jezyk, P.; Segal, S. Cystinuria in the maned wolf of South America Science; May 22, 1981. 212: 919-920.

Bowen, W. D. Variation in coyote social organization: the influence of prey size Can J. Zool.; 1981. 59: 639-652.

Boyd, D. K. Food habits and spatial relations of coyotes and a lone wolf in the Rocky Mountains Univ. Montana, M.S. Thesis; 1982.

Boyd, D. K. In the high arctic with wolves International Wolf; Summer 1992. 6-9.

Boyd, D. K.; Jimenez, M. D. Successful rearing of young by wild wolves without mates J. Mamm.; 1994. 75(1): 14-17.

Boyd, D. K.; Neale, G. An adult cougar, Felis concolor, killed by gray wolves, Canis lupus, in Glacier National Park, Montana Can. Field-Nat.; 1992. 106(4): 524-525.

Boyd, D. K.; O'Gara, B. W. Cougar predation on coyotes The Murrelet; 1985. 66: 17.

Boyd, D. K.; Pletscher, D. H.; Brewster, W. Evidence of wolves, Canis lupus, burying dead wolf pups Canadian Field-Nat.; 1993. 107(2): 230-231.

Boyd, D. K.; Ream, R. R.; Pletscher, D. H.; Fairchild, M. W. Delayed reproduction of a wild wolf in the Rocky Mountains Can. Field-Nat.; 1994.

Boyd, D. K.; Ream, R. R.; Pletscher, D. H.; Fairchild, M. W. Variation in denning and parturition dates of a wild gray wolf, Canis lupus, in the Rocky Mountains Can. Field-Nat.; 1993. 107(3): 359-360.

Boyd, D. K.; Secrest, L. B.; Pletscher, D. H. A wolf, Canis lupus, killed in an avalanche in southwestern Alberta Can. Field-Nat.; 1992. 106(4): 526.

Boyd, Di. K.; Ream, R. R.; Pletscher, D. H.; Fairchild, M. W. Prey taken by colonizing wolves and hunters in the Glacier National Park area Journal of Wildlife Management; 1994. 58(2): 289-295.

Brady, C. A. The Vocal Repertoires of the Bush Dog (Speothos Venaticus), Crab-Eating Fox (Cerdocyon Thous), and Maned Wolf (Chrysocyn Brachyurus). Animal Behavior; August 1981. 29(1): 649-669.

Bramble, W. C.; English, P. F. The Forest Grazing Problem Created by Deer in Eastern Forests Society of American Foresters; 1948.

Brangi, A.; Rosa, P.; Meriggi, A. Predation by wolves (canis lupus l.) on wild and domestic ungulates in northern Italy Ongules/Ungulates 91; 1992. 541-543.

Brittan, M. R. A note concerning wolves in Glacier National Park, Montana J. Mamm.; 1953. 34(1): 127-129.

Bromley, R. C. Fishing behavior in a wolf on the Taltson River, Northwest Territories Can. Field-Nat.; 1973. 87(3): 301-303.

Brown, C. E. Rearing wild animals in captivity, and gestation periods J. Mamm.; 1936. 17: 10-13.

Brown, J. L.; Orians, G. H. Spacing mechanisms in mobile animals Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics; 1970. 1: 239-262.

Bryant, J. E. A survey of the bounty system in British Columbia from 1943-1949, exclusive of 1948 University of British Columbia, B.S. Thesis; 1951.

Buckner, H. J. Allometric studies on the front legs of adult canids. [In German, English summ.] Zoologischer Anzeiger; 1971. 186(1/2): 11-46. [In German, English summ.]

Buckner, Hans-Jurgen Allometrische Untersuchungenan den Vorderextremitaten Adulter Caniden 1969.

Buech, R. R.; Rogers, L. L.; Mech, L. D. People and wildlife - bringing them together Naturalist; Winter 1980. 31: 12-20.

Bulger, A. J. The evolution of altruistic behavior in social carnivores The Biologist; 1975. 57: 41-51.

Bullard, R., W. Wild canid associations with fermentation products Ind. Eng. Prod.; 1982. 21: 646-655.

Burke, T. E. Northeast Washington wolf reports Colville Nat. For. Unpubl. Rep.; 1979.

Burkholder, B. L. Movements and behavior of a wolf pack in Alaska J. Wildl. Manag.; January 1959. 23(1): 1-11.

Burkholder, B. L. Observations concerning a wolverine J. Mamm.; 1962. 43: 263-264.

Burt, W. H. Territoriality and home range concepts as applied to mammals J. Mamm.; 1943. 24: 346-352.

Buskirk, S. W.; Gipson, P. S. Characteristics of wolf attacks on moose in Mount McKinley National Park, Alaska Arctic; 1978. 31: 499-502.

Buxton, D. F.; Peck, D. Density of neuromuscular spindles in muscles on the pectoral appendage of the dog and raccoon Anat. Record.; 1979. 193: 494-495.

Byman, D. Food habits and internal parasites of the timber wolf in north-eastern Minnesota Minneapolis: University of Minnesota; M.S. Thesis; 1972.

Byman, D.; Van Ballenberghe, V.; Schlotthauer, J. C.; Erickson, A. W. Parasites of wolves, *Canis lupus L., in northeastern Minnesota, as indicated by analysis of fecal samples Can. J. Zool.; 1977. 55(2): 376-380.

Cahalane, V. H. A preliminary study of distribution and numbers of cougar, grizzly and wolf in North America. N. Y. Zool. Soc.; 1964.1-12.

Callison, I. P. Wolf predation in the north country Manuscript; 1948.

Campbell, W. E. The effects of social environment on canine behavior Mod. Vet. Pract.; 1986. 67: 113-115.

Carbyn, L. N. A delicate balancing act Outdoors Canada; 1985. 13(6): 9-11.

Carbyn, L. N. Coyote Attacks on children in western North America Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1989. 17(4): 444-446.

Carbyn, L. N. Coyote population fluctuations and spatial distribution in relation to wolf territories in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba Can. Field-Nat.; 1982. 96(2): 176-183.

Carbyn, L. N. Ecology and management of wolves in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba Can. Wildl. Serv.; 1980. 10.

Carbyn, L. N. Factors influencing activity patterns of ungulates at mineral licks Can. J. Zool.; 1975. 53: 378-384.

Carbyn, L. N. Management of non-endangered wolf populations in Canada Acta Zoologica Fennica; 1983. 174: 239-243.

Carbyn, L. N. Preliminary analysis of wolf-ungulate interactions with specific reference to moose in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba North Am. Moose Conf. Workshop; 1977. 13: 283-289.

Carbyn, L. N. Progress report on (I) Status of wolves in Prince Albert and Jasper national Parks. (II) Preliminary results from investigation in a specific study area Canadian Wildlife Service; 1970.

Carbyn, L. N. Progress report on studies of wolves within a specific study area, Jasper Natioal Park Canadian Wildlife Service; 1972.

Carbyn, L. N. Project Plan - Ecological studies on wolves in the western National Parks Canadian Wildlife Service Report; 1968.

Carbyn, L. N. Report on Canadian Wildlife Service Involvement in IUCN/WWF Wolf Project (1240) in Poland. Canadian Wildlife Service; Sept. 1977.

Carbyn, L. N. Report on Canadian Wildlife Sevice involvement in IUCN/WWF Wolf Project (1240), Poland Canadian Wildlife Service; 1977.

Carbyn, L. N. Review of D. L. Allen's "Wolves of Minong - Their Vital Role in a Wildlife Community" Can. Field-Nat.; 1981. 95(1): 113-114.

Carbyn, L. N. Status of wolves in the Canadian plains region. In G. Mitchel ed. Man: User and Modifier of Canadian Plain's Resources. Prairie Forum; 1984. 9: 291-298.

Carbyn, L. N. Territory displacement in a wolf population with abundant prey Journal of Mammalogy; 1981. 62(1): 193-195.

Carbyn, L. N. Wolf population fluctuations in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada Biol. Conserv.; April 1974. 6(2): 94-101.

Carbyn, L. N. Wolf predation and behavioral interactions with elk and other ungulates in an area of high prey diversity Edmonton: Univ. of Toronto, Ph.D. Thesis; 1974.

Carbyn, L. N. Wolf predation on elk in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba Journal of Wildlife Management; 1983. 47(4): 963-976.

Carbyn, L. N. Wolves and Bison: Wood Buffalo National Park - past, present and future Alberta Studies in Arts and Sciences; 1992. 3(1): 167-178.

Carbyn, L. N. Wolves in Riding Mountain National Park: Ecosystem protection and thoughts on a holistic conservation strategy. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 82-96.

Carbyn, L. N.; Anions, D. Review of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park CWS report for Parks Canada; 1984.

Carbyn, L. N.; Etherington, W.; Sather, M.; Whaley, K. Field studies on wolf populations in Prince Alberta and Riding Mountain National Parks for interpretive programs 1975.

Carbyn, L. N.; Kingsley, M. C. S. Summer food habits of wolves with the emphasis on moose in Riding Mountain National Park Proc. North Am. Moose Conf. Workshop; 1979. 15: 349-361.

Carbyn, L. N.; Meleshko, D.; Paquet, P. Ecological studies of wolves and coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba CWS Progress Report from outside funding; 1983.

Carbyn, L. N.; Paquet, P. Long distance movement of a coyote from Riding Mountain National Park J. Wildl. Manage.; January 1986. 50(1): 89.

Carbyn, L. N.; Patriquin, D. Wildlife inventories - Nahanni National Park progress report on the description of the wildlife component at Nahanni Hotsprings and Virginia Falls; two sites for potential campground development 1975.

Carbyn, L. N.; Patriquin, D.; Allen, C.; Samoil, H. Progress report. Wolf and coyote studies in Riding Mountain National park Canadian Wildlife Service Report; 1978.

Carbyn, L. N.; Patriquin, D.; Samoil, H.; Allen, C. Progress report on large mammal systems studies - wolves and coyotes Canadian Wildlife Service Report; 1977.

Carbyn, L. N.; Patriquin, D.; Trottier, T.; Kennedy, A.; Hoggins, T.; Allan, C. Progress report. Large mammal systems studies - wolves and coyotes. 1978.

Carbyn, L. N.; Trottier, T. Descriptions of wolf attacks on bison calves in Wood Buffalo National Park Arctic; 1988. 41(4): 297-302.

Carbyn, L. N.; Trottier, T. Responses of bison on their calving grounds to predation by wolves in Wood Buffalo National Park Canadian Journal of Zoology; 1987. 65(8): 2072-2078.

Carbyn, L. N.; Trottier, T.; Oosenbrug, S. Summer (1980) observations of wolf-bison behavioral interactions in Wood Buffalo National Park Can. Wildl. Serv. Prog. Rep.; 1981. 4.

Carey, J.; Hayes, R.; Farnell, R.; Ward, R.; Baer, A. Progress Report on Aishihik and Kluane caribou recovery program: November 1992 to October 1993. Oct 1994. PR94(2):

Carley, C. J. Activities and findings of the Red Wolf Field Recovery Program from late 1973 to 1 July 1975 USFWS Report; 1975.

Carley, C. J. Red wolf: Knowledge of the species W.C.S.R.C. Wolf Sanctuary; 1981.

Carley, C. J. Status summary: The red wolf (Canis rufus) U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv. Endangered Species; 1979. 7: 23-26.

Carley, H. M.; Carley, C. J. Recent Changes in Distribution and Status of Wild Red Wolves (Canis rufus) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico; 1979.

Causey, M. K.; Cude, C. A. Feral dog and white-tailed deer interaction in Alabama J. Wildl. Manage.; 1980. 44(2): 481-484.

Chapman, H. H. Lessons from the Quetico-Superior Controversy Yale Forest School News; 1945. 33(1):

Chapman, R. C. Rabies: Decimation of a Wolf Pack in Arctic Alaska Science; 1978. 201(4353): 365-367.

Chapman, R. C. The effects of human disturbance on wolves University of Alaska, M.S. Thesis; 1977.

Charnov, E. L. Optimal foraging: some theoretical explorations Toronto: Univ. of Toronto, Ph.D. Thesis; 1973.

Cheatum, E. L. Anatomy of the Whitetail Deer New York Conservationist; 1957. 15-34.

Cheatum, E. L. The Use of Corpora Lutea for Determining Ovulation Incidence and Variations in the Fertility of White-Tailed Deer The Cornell Veterinarian; 1949. 39(3): 283-291.

Chesser, R. K.; Smith, M. H.; Lehr-Brisbin, I. Management and maintenance of genetic variability in endangered species Int. Zoo Yb.; 1980. 20: 146-154.

Chiarelli, B. A caryological approach on the history of dog domestication Biol. Zool.; 1973. 40.

Chiarelli, B. Data on the karyology of different races of *Canis familiaris Mammalian Chromosomes Newsletter; 1966. 21: 160.

Child, K. N.; Fujino, K. K.; Warren, M. W. A grey wolf (*Canis lupus columbianus) and Stone sheep (*Ovis dalli stonei) fatal predator-prey encounter Can. Field-Nat. ; 1978. 92(4): 399-401.

Choquette, L. P. E.; Gibson, G. G.; Kuyt, E.; Pearson, A. M. Helminths of wolves, Canis lupus L., in the Yukon and Northwest Territories Can. J. Zool.; 1973. 51: 1087-1091.

Choquette, L. P. E.; Kuyt, E. Serological indication of canine distemper and of infectious canine hepatitis in wolves (Canis lupus L.) in northern Canada J. Wildl. Dis.1974. 10(4): 321-324.

Ciucci, P.; Boitani L. Viability assessment of the Italian wolf and guidelines for the management of the wild and a captive population Ric. Biol. Selvaggina; 1991. 89. [In English with Italian summ.]

Ciucci, P.; Mech, L. D. Selection of wolf dens in relation to winter territories in northeastern Minnesota J. Mamm.; 73(4): 899-905.

Clark, K. R. F. Food habits and behavior of the tundra wolf on central Baffin island Toronto: University of Toronto, Thesis; 1971.

Clarkson, P. L. Wolf management: An evaluation and recomendations Masters Abstr. Int.; 1989. 30(3): 628.

Clarkson, P. L.; Liepins, I. S. Ecology of wolves associated with the bluenose caribou herd Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1990. 19(2): 599. (Abstract)

Clutton-Brock, J. Man-made dogs; the origins of the domestic dog, South American canids and the enigma of the Falkland Island wolf are discussed Science; 1977. 197: 1340-1342.

Clutton-Brock, J. Near Eastern canids and the affinities of the Natufian dogs Z. fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie; 1962. 76: 326-333.

Cohen, J. A.; Fox, M. W. Vocalizations in wild canids and possible effects of domestication Behav. Proc.; 1976. 1(1): 77-92.

Cohn, J.P. Endangered Wolf Population Increases: Planned Reintroduction into Old Range Raises Controversy Bioscience; 1990. 40(9): 628-632.

Cohn, J. P. Red wolf in the wilderness: Captive breeding program strives to keep a rare predator pure Bioscience; May 1987. 37(5): 313-316.

Cole, P. J.; Wynnyk, W. P.; Gunson, J. R. Biological observations of wolves from the 1976-1977 wolf control program Alberta Rec. Park and Wildl., Fish and Wildl. Div. Rept.; 1977.

Colinvaux, P. A.; Barnett, B. D. Lindeman and the ecological efficiency of wolves Am. Nat.; 1979. 114: 707.

Colmenares, R. Social structure of an Iberian wolf pack (*Canis lupus signatus) in captivity. Social strategies and social niches. [In French with English summ.] Biol. Behav.; 1983. 8(1): 27-47. [In French with English summ.]

Colson, R. B.; McKeon, W. H. The wildlife rabies control program in New York Proceedings 8th Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference; 1952.

Colton, H. S. The aboriginal southwestern dog American Antiquity; 1970. 35: 153-159.

Cope, J. K. Wolf hunt Alaska Sportsman; June 1976. 9-10.

Coppinger, R.; Glendinning, J.; Torop, E.; Matthay, C.; Sutherland, M.; Smith, C. Degree of behavioral neoteny differentiates canid polymorphs Ethology; 1987. 75: 89-108.

Coscia, E. M.; Phillips, D. P.; Fentress, J. C. Spectral analysis of neonatal wolf vocalizations Bioacoustics; 1991. 3(4): 275-293.

Cottam, C.; Williams, C. S. Speed of some wild mammals J. Mamm.; 1943. 24: 262-263.

Coulter, Malcolm W. The Deer Herd in Maine The Maine Forester; 1951. 62-67.

Cowan, I. M. Rabies as a possible population control of arctic Canidae J. Mamm.; 1949. 30(4): 396-398.

Cowan, I. M. Report of wildlife studies in Jasper, Banff and Yoho National Parks, 1944, and parasites, diseases and injuries of game animals in the Rocky Mountain National Park, 1942-1944. Ottawa; 1946. 1-84.

Cowan, I. M. The occurrence of the granular tape-worm Echinococcus granulosus in wild game in North Americe J. Wildl. Manage.; 1948. 12(1): 105-106.

Cowan, I. M. The timber wolf in the Rocky Mountain national parks of Canada Can. J. Res.; 1947. 25: 139-174.

Crete, M. Approximation of K carrying capacity for moose in eastern Quebec Can. J. Zool.; 1989. 67: 373-380.

Crete, M. The impact of sport hunting on North American moose Swed. Wildl. Res. Supp.; 1987. 1: 553-564.

Crete, M.; Belanger, M.; Tremblay, J. The food habits of the wolf between the months of May and October in the south-west of Quebec Naturaliste Canadien; 1981. 108(2): 167-173.

Crte, M.; Messier, F. Evaluation of indices of gray wolf, Canis lupus, density in hardwood-conifer forests of southwestern QuŽbec Can. Field-Nat.; 1987. 101(2): 147-152.

Crete, M.; Messier, F. Influence d'une reduction du nombre de loups sub une population d'orignaux dans le sud-quest du Quebec Alces; 1984. 20: 107-128.

Crete, M.; Taylor, R. J.; Jordan, P. A. Optimization of moose harvest in southwestern Quebec J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1981. 45: 598-611.

Crete, M.; Taylor, R. J.; Jordan, P. A. Simulating conditions for the regulation of a moose population by wolves Ecol. Mod.; 1981. 12: 245-252.

Criddle, S. Timber wolf den and pups Can. Field Nat.; 1947. 61: 115.

Crisler, L. Observations of wolves hunting caribou J. Mamm.; 1956. 37(3): 337-346.

Cromer, J. I.; Smith, H. C. Sufficient Deer Browse Produced by a Wide Range of Cutting Practices

Cronin, M. A.; Nelson, M. E.; Pac, D. F. Spatial heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and allozymes among populations of white-tailed deer and mule deer J. Heredity; 1991. 82(2): 118-127.

Cross, E. C. Arthritis among wolves Can Field Nat.; 1940. 54: 2-4.

Cuesta, L.; Barcena, F.; Palacios, F.; Reig, S. The trophic ecology of the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus, Cabrera, 1907). A new analysis of stomach's data Mammalia; 1991. 55(2): 239-254.

Curnow, E. The history of the eradication of the wolf in Montana Missoula: University of Montana, M.S. Thesis; 1969.

Custer, J. W.; Pence, D. B. Ecological analyses of helminth populations of wild canids from gulf coastal prairies of Texas and Louisiana J. Par.; 1981. 67(3): 289-307.

Custer, J. W.; Pence, D. B. Host-parasite relationships in the wild canidae of North America. I. Ecology of helminth infections in the genus *Canis Worldwide Furbearer Conf. Proc.; 1981. 730-759.

Da Silveira, Estanislau K. P. Notes on the care and breeding of the Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) at Brasilia Zoo International Zoo Yearbook; 1968. 8: 21-23.

Dahr, E. On the variation of the cranium of wild and domesticated canids Arkiv fur Zoologi.; 1942. 33A(16): 1-56.

Dale, B. W.; Adams, L. G.; Bowyer, R. T. Functional response of wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple-prey ecosystem J. Anim. Ecology; 1994. 63: 644-652.

Danilkin, A. Hunting of roe deer by wolf-dog hybrids Okhota i okhotnich'e khozyzystov; 1979. 3: 18-19.

Dasmann, R. R. Methods for Estimating Deer Populations from Kill Data California Fish and Game; 1952. 38(2): 225-233.

Dasmann, W. P. A Critical Review of Range Survey Methods and Their Application to Deer Range Management California Fish and Game; 1948. 34(4): 189-207.

Dathe, H.; Altmann, D. SOCIAL ONTOGENY OF MAMMALS Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.; 1991. 29(1-4): 501. (Abstract only.)

Dauphine, T. C. A wolf kills a caribou calf Blue Jay; 1969. 27(2): 99.

Davenport, L. A. Timber vs. Wildlife Journal of Forestry; 1941. 39(8): 661-666.

Davenport, L. A.; Shapton, W.; Gower, W. C. A Study of the Carrying Capacity of Deer Yards as Determined by Browse Plots Transactions of the Ninth North American Wildlife Conference; 1944. 144-149.

Davis, J. A. Endangered species debate: ranchers want right to hunt wolves, bears Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report; March 19, 1988. 707-708.

Davis, J. L.; Valkenburg, P.; Boertje, R. D. Demography and limiting factors of Alaska's Delta caribou herd, 1954-1981 Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 175: 135-137.

Davis, J. L.; Valkenburg, P.; McNay, M. E.; Beasley, R. M.; Tutterrow, V. L. Demography of the Delta caribou herd under varying rates of natural mortality and human harvest and assessment of field techniques for acquiring demographic data. Alaska Dept of Fish and Game, Juneau; 1991.

Davis, S. The dog: Evidence for its domestication 12,000 years ago Israel Journal of Zoology; 1977. 26(3/4): 252-253. [Abstract]

Dawes, P. R.; Elander, M.; Ericson M. The Wolf (Canis lupus) in Greenland: A Historical Review and Present Status Arctic; June 1986. 39(2): 119-132.

Day, G. L. The status and distribution of the Northern Rocky Mountain wolf (*Canis lupus irremotus) Missoula: University of Montana, M.S. Thesis; 1977.

de Beaufort, F. THE REINTRODUCTION OF THE WOLF IN FRANCE Rev. Ecol. Terre Vie; 1990. 5(Suppl.): 189-195. [In French.]

De Vos, A. The value of the timber wolf bounty system to Northern Ontario Sylva Department of Lands and Forests Ontario; Jan.-Feb. 1949.

De Vos, A. Timber wolf movements on Sibley Peninsula, Ontario J. Mamm.; 1950. 31(2): 169-175.

De Vos, A. Timber wolves (*Canis lupus lycaon) killed by cars on Ontario highways J. Mamm.; 1949. 30(2): 197.

De Vos, A.; Allin, A. E. Some notes on moose parasites J. Mamm.; 1949. 30: 430-431.

Dear, L. S. The Canadian Field-Naturalist; 1955. 69(1).

DeBoer, S. G. The Deer Damage to Forest Reproduction Survey Wisconsin Conservation Bulletin; 1947. 12(10).

Degerbol, M. On a find of a preboreal domestic dog (*Canis familiaris L.) from Star Carr, Yorkshire, with remarks on other Mesolithic Dogs Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society; 1961. 27: 35-55.

Dekker, D. " Dogged" Pursuits of Deer by Lone Wolves Alberta Naturalist; 1986. 16(2): 67-68.

Dekker, D. Elk population fluctuations and their probable causes in the Snake Indian Valley of Jasper National Park: 1970-1985 Alberta Nat.; 1985. 15(2): 49-54.

Dekker, D. Evaluation of Wolf-Ungulate Predation Near Nordegg, Alberta: Review of 1st and 2nd year progress reports of Clarkson, Schmidt, and Gunson. Alberta Naturalist; 1986. 16(2): 65-67.

Dekker, D. Historical and contemporary populations of wolves and elk in Jasper National Park Alberta Nat.; 1993. 23(1): 4-5.

Dekker, D. Population fluctuations and spatial relationships among wolves, coyotes and red foxes in Jasper National Park Alberta Nat; 1990. 20(1): 15-20.

Dekker, D. Responses of wolves, (Canis lupus), to simulated howling on a homesite during fall and winter in Jasper National Park, Alberta Can. Field-Nat.; 1985. 99(1): 90-93.

Dekker, D. The wolves of Jasper National Park Park News - Nat. & Prov. Parks Assoc. Fall; 1983. 10-12.

Dekker, D. Wolf, *Canis lupus, numbers and colour phases in Jasper National Park, Alberta: 1965-1984 Can. Field-Nat.; 1986. 100(4): 550-553.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Duquette, L. S.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Validation of estimating food intake in Gray wolves by 22Na turnover J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1991. 55(1): 59-71.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Kunkel, K. E.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Minimizing capture-related stress on white-tailed deer with a capture collar J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1990. 54(2): 299-303.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Kunkel, K. E.; Gese, E. M.; Seal, U. S. Seasonal patterns of weight, hematology, and serum characteristics of free-ranging female white-tailed deer in Minnesota Can. J. Zool.; 1992. 70: 974-983.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Paul, W. J.; Karns, P. D. Effects on fawn survival of multiple immobilizations of captive pregnant white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Dis.; 1986. 22(2): 245-248.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal. U. S. Browse diversity and physiological status of white-tailed deer during winter Trans. 54th N. Am. Wildl. & Nat. Res. Conf.; 1989. 54: 134-145.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Chemical analyses of deer bladder urine and urine collected from snow Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1988. 16(3): 324-326.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Effects of winter undernutrition on body composition and physiological profiles of white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1990. 54(4): 539-550.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Gray wolf density and its association with weights and hematology of pups from 1970 to 1988 J. Wildl. Dis.; 1991. 27(4): 630-636.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Nutritional restriction and acid-base balance in white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Dis.; 1994. 30(2): 247-253.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Physiological assessment of deer populations by analysis of urine in snow J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1989. 53(2): 284-291.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Undernutrition and serum and urinary urea nitrogen of white-tailed deer during winter J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1994. 58(3): 430-436.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S.; Karns, P. D. Effects of winter fasting and refeeding on white-tailed deer blood profiles J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1987. 51(4): 865-873.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S.; Karns, P. D. Winter fasting and refeeding effects on urine characteristics in white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1987. 51(4): 860-864.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Winter nutrition and population ecology of white-tailed deer in the central Superior National Forest USDA For. Serv. Res. Rep.; 1991.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Effects of feeding and fasting on wolf blood and urine CHARACTERISTICS J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1987. 51(1): 1-10.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Indicators of severe undernutrition in urine of free-ranging elk during winter Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1991. 19(1): 106-110.

DelGiudice, G. D.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Response of urinary hydroxproline to dietary protein and fasting in white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Dis.; 1988. 24(1): 75-79.

DeLorenze, T., et al. Wolves: what do they need next? A proposal Manuscript; 1970.

Derix, R. R. W. M.; van Hoof, J. A. R. A. M. Male and female partner preferences in a captive wolf pack (Canis lupus): specificity versus spread of sexual attention Behaviour; 1995. 132(1-2): 127-149.

Desai, J. H.; Koshy, M.; Nainan, T. Note on the breeding of Indian wolf *Canis lupus pallipes at the National Zoological Park, New Delhi J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.; 1986. 83(1): 193-194.

Devlin, S. Activists howl for wolves Missoulian; Nov 21, 1989. 12.

Dice, L. R. A family of dog-coyote hybrids J. Mamm.; 1942. 23: 186-192.

Dixon, Joseph The timber wolf in California Calif. Fish and Game; July 1916. 2(3): 125-129.

Dolnick, E. H.; Medford, R. L.; Schied, R. J. Bibliography on the control and management of the coyote and related canids, with selected references on animal physiology, behaviour, control methods and reproduction U.S. Agricultural Research Serv., Beltsville, MD; 1976. 2.

Donovan, C. A. Canine anal glands and chemical signals (pheromones) J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc.; 1969. 155(12): 1995-1996.

Dorrance, M. J. Predation losses of cattle in Alberta J. Range Manage.; 1982. 35(6): 690-692.

Dorrance, M. J.; Gilbert, B. K. Considerations in the application of adversive conditioning. Am. Soc. for Testing and Materials (Spec. Tech. Publ.); 1977. 625: 136-144.

Doty, R. L.; Dunbar, I. Attraction of beagles to conspecific urine, vaginal and anal sac secretion odors Physiol. Behav.; 1974. 12: 825-833.

Douglas, D. W.; Stebler, A. M. Bounties Don't Work Out As They Are Supposed To... Michigan Conservation; 1946. 15(2): 6, 7, 10.

Dratch, P.; et al. A case study for species reintroduction: the wolf in Olympic National Park, Washington. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA; 1975.

Dresler, S. L.; Runkel, D.; Stenzel, P.; Brimhall, B.; Jones, R. T. Multiplicity of the hemoglobin alpha-chain in dogs and variations among related species. New York Acad. Sci. Annals; 1974. 241: 411-415.

Dubey, J. P.; Williams, C. S. F. Hammondia heydorni infection in sheep, goats, moose, dogs, and coyotes Parasitology; 1980. 81(1): 123-128.

Ducos, P. "Domestication" defined and methodological approaches to its recognition in faunal assemblages Harvard University Peabody Museum Bulletin; 1978. 2: 53-56.

Dunbrack, R. L.; Giguere, L. A. Adaptive responses to accelerating costs of movement: a bioenergetic basis for the type III functional response Am. Nat.; 1987. 130(1): 147-160.

Dunne, A. L. Report on wolves followed during February and March, 1939 Can. Field-Nat.; 1939. 53(8): 117-118.

Dunstan, T. C. Breeding Success of Osprey in Minnesota from 1963 to 1968 The Loon; December 1968. 109-112.

Dusiak, M. A Record of a Timberwolf Attacking a Man Journal of Mammalogy; 1947. 28(3): 294-295.

Dziuk, H. E.; Fashingbauer, B. A.; Idstrom, J. M. Ruminoreticular Pressure Patterns in Fistulated White-Tailed Deer American Journal of Veterinary Research; 1963. 24(101): 772-783.

Eberhardt, L. L.; Pitcher, K. W. A further analysis of the Nelchina caribou and wolf data Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1992. 20(4): 385-395.

Ebinger, P. Relationship of brain weight and body weight in wolves and domestic dogs Z. fuer Saeugetierkunde; 1980. 45(3): 148-153. [In German, English summ.]

Edmonds, E. J. Population status, distribution, and movements of woodland caribou in west central Alberta Can. J. Zool.; 1988. 66: 817-826.

Edwards, J. Diet shifts in moose due to predator avoidance Oecologia; 1983. 60: 185-189.

Edwards, J. Patterns of wolf predation and effects on moose feeding habitats Symp. Res. For. Prod., Use, Pest Control;1983. 51-58.

Eide, S. H.; Ballard, W. B. Apparent case of surplus killing of caribou by gray wolves Can. Field-Nat.; 1982. 96(1): 87-88.

Eisenberg, J. F.; Kleiman, D. G. The usefulness of behaviour studies in developing captive breeding programmes for mammals Int. Zoo Yb.; 1977. 17: 81-89.

Eisfeld, D. Observations of the behavior of some wild canids Z. fuer Wissenschaftliche Zool.; 1966. 174: 226-289. [In German, Engl. summ]

Elder, W. H.; Hayden, C. M. Use of discriminant function in taxonomic determination of canids from Missouri J. Mamm.; 1977. 58: 17-24.

Eliseev, N.; Klokov, K.; Syroechkovskii, E. The wolf and its future Okhota i okhotnich'e khozyaystvo; 1973. 5.

Elliot, D.; Wong, M. Catalase and hemoglobin in the Canidae studied by starch-gel electrophoresis Zoologischer Anzeiger; 1973(3/4). 191: 178-181.

Elliot, O.; Wong, M. Acid phosphatase: handy enzyme that separates the dog from the wolf Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica; 1972. 28: 957-962.

Elliott, J. P. Wolves and ungulates in British Columbia's northeast. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C. ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 97-123.

Ellis, D. V. Some Observations on mammals in the area between Coppermine and Pond Inlet, N.W.T., during 1954 and 1955 Can. Field-Nat.; 1957. 71(1): 1-6.

Eng, Robert L.; Gullion, Gordon W. The Predation of Goshawks upon Ruffed Grouse on the Cloquet Forest Research Center, Minnesota The Wilson Bulletin; 1962. 74(3): 227-242.

Erickson, A. B. Helminths of Minnesota Canidae in relation to food habits and a host list and key to the species reported from North America Am. Midl. Nat.; 1944. 32(2): 358-372.

Erickson, A. B. Incidence of Worm Parasites in Minnesota Mustelidae and Host Lists and Keys to North American Species The American Midland Naturalist; 1946. 36(2): 494-509.

Erickson, A. B. Notes on a Method for Censusing White-Tailed Deer in the Spring and Summer The Journal of Wildlife Management; 1940. 4(1): 15-18.

Erikson, A. B.; Gunvalson, V. E.; Stenlund, M. H.; Burcalow, D. W.; Blankenship, L. H. The white-tailed deer of Minnesota Minnesota Department of Conservation; 1961. Bulliten No. 5.

Erlinge, S. Predation and noncyclicity in a microtine population in southern Sweden Oikos; 1987. 50: 347-352.

Erlinge, S.; Goranson, G.; Hogstedt, G.; Jansson, G.; Liberg, O.; Loman, J.; Nilsson, I. N.; von Schantz, T.; Sylven, M. Can vertebrate predators regulate their prey? Am. Nat.; 1984. 123(1): 125-133.

Errington, P. On Predation and Life. Ames Publ.; 1969.

Errington, P. Predation and Vertebrate Populations Quart. Rev. Biol.; 1946. 21(2): 144-177.

Errington, P. L. Factors Limiting Higher Vertebrate Populations Science; 1956. 124(3216): 304-307.

Errington, P. L. The Special Responsiveness of Minks to Epizootics in Muskrat Populations Ecological Monographs; 1954. 24: 377-393.

Estes, R. D.; Goddard, J. Prey selection and hunting behavior of the African wild dog J. Wildl. Man.; 1967. 31: 52-70.

Fagre, D. B.; Howard, W. E.; Marsh, R. E. Factors affecting coyote killing behavior: An artificial model-mimic prey system. Worldwide Furbearer Donf. Proc.; 1981. 950-965.

Fashingbauer, B. A.; Moyle, J. B. Nutritive Value of Red-Osier Dogwood and Mountain Maple as Deer Browse Proceedings; 1963. 31(1): 73-77.

Feddersen-Petersen, D. Observations on social play in some species of Canidae Zool. Anz.; 1986. 217(1-2): 130-144.

Feddersen-Petersen, D. The ontogeny of social play and agonistic behaviour in selected canid species Bonn. Zool. Beitr; 1991. 42(2): 97-114.

Fedosenko, A. K.; Zhiryakov, V. A.; Grachev, Yu. A. Materials concerning the ecology and behavior of the wolf in northern Tien Shan and the Dzungarian Alatau Byul. MOIP, otd. Biol.; 1978. 83(3): 5-18.

Fedyk, S. Z.; Gebczynska, Z.; Pucek, M.; Sikorski, M. Winter penetration by mammals of different habitats in the Biebrza Valley [Poland] Acta Theriol.; 1984. 29(27): 317-336.

Fenstermacher, R.; Jellison, W. L. Diseases Affecting Moose 1933.

Fenstermacher, R.; Olsen, O. Wilford. Further Studies of Deseases Affecting Moose III The Cornell Veterinarian; 1942. 17(3): 241-254.

Fentress, J. C. Observations on the behavioral development of a hand-reared male timber wolf Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 339-351.

Ferguson, J. H.; Folk (Jr), G. E. Free fatty acid levels in several species of arctic carnivores Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B: Comp. Biochem.; 1971. 40(1): 309-312.

Ferguson, J. H.; Folk (Jr), G. E. Free fatty acid levels of arctic mammals Federation Proceedings; 1970. 29: 659.

Ferrell, E.; Morizot, D. C. Biochemical markers in a species endangered by introgression: the red wolf Biochem. Gen.; 1980. 18(1/2): 39-49.

Fico, R.; Morosetti, G.; Giovannini, A. The impact of predators on livestock in the Abruzzo region of Italy Rev. Sci. Tech. O.I.E. (Off. Int. Epizoot.); 1993. 12(1): 39-50.

Field, R. Vocal behavior of wolves (Canis lupus): variability in structure, context, annual/diurnal patterns, and ontogeny The Johns Hopkins University, Thesis; 1978.

Filimonov, A. N. On the possible selective role of the wolf during the calving period of antelopes Ecological Foundations for Preservation and Rational Use of Predatory Animals; 1979.

Filonov, C. Predator-prey problems in nature reserves of the European part of the RSFSR J. Wildl. Manage.; 1980. 44: 389-390.

Filonov, K. P.; Kaletzkaya, M. L. The moose and wolf in the Darwin State Reserve [English summary] Zool. Zh.; 1982. 61(1): 1893-1900.

Fisher, R. A.; Putt, W.; Hackel, E. An investigation of the products of 53 gene loci in three species of wild canidae: *C. lupus, *C. latrans and *C. familiaris Biochem. Gen.; 1976. 14(11-12): 963-974.

Fitch, C. P. A Preliminary Note on the Occurrence of a Head and Throat Bot in the Wild Deer (Cervus Virginianus) of Minnesota Cornell Veterinarian; 1928. 353-357.

Fitzgerald, L. V. The identity and status of the wild species of Canis in Louisiana Louisiana Tech Univ. Ruston, Louisiana, Unpubl. M.S. Thesis; 1972.

Fleischer, G. Contribution to the knowledge of interspecific shape and intraspecific differences in denture and teeth of several species of the genus Canis. Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde; 1967. 32(3): 150-158.

Flesness, N. R. Gene pool conservation and computer analysis. Int. Zoo Yb.; 1977. 17: 77-81.

Floyd, T. J.; Mech, L. D.; Jordan, P. A. Relating wolf scat analyses to actual prey consumed J. Wildl. Man.; 1978. 42(3): 528-532.

Floyd, T. J.; Mech, L. D.; Nelson, M. E. An improved method of censusing deer in deciduous-coniferous forests J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1979. 43(1): 258-261.

Fogleman, V. M. The future of the eastern timber wolf in the United States. Environ. Conserv.; 1984. 11(4): 344, 370.

Fonseca, F. P. Protection of the wolf in Portugal. XV.Congr.Int.de Fauna Cinegetica y Silvestre.Trujillo; 1984. 1981: 661-664.

Foose, T. J. Demographic models for management of captive populations Int. Zoo Yb.; 1977. 17: 70-76.

Foster, J. W.; Ballard, W. B. Radio telemetry as an aid in the study of wolf den site behavior Annu. Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet.; 1985. 1985: 113-114.

Fox, J. L.; Streveler, G. P. Wolf predation on mountain goats in southeastern Alaska J. Mamm.; 1986. 67(1): 192-195.

Fox, M. W. A comparative study of the development of facial expressions in canids: wolf, coyote and foxes Behaviour; 1970. 36(1/2): 49-73.

Fox, M. W. Comparative significance of agonistic behavior in canids Ecological Soc. of America. Bull.; 1971. 51(2): 45-46. (abstract)

Fox, M. W. Ontogeny of prey-killing behavior in Canidae Behaviour; 1969. 35: 259-272.

Fox, M. W. Ontogeny of prey-killing in canids Am. Zool.; 1969. 9: 573. (Abstract)

Fox, M. W. Patterns and problems of socialization in hand-reared wild canids: an evolutionary and ecological perspective Z. Tierpsychol.; 1972. 31: 281-288.

Fox, M. W. Possible examples of high order behavior in wolves J. Mamm.; 1971. 52(3): 640-641.

Fox, M. W. Social dynamics of three captive wolf packs Behaviour; 1973. 47: 290-301.

Fox, M. W. Socio-ecological implications of individual differences in wolf litters: a developmental and evolutionary perspective Behaviour; 1972. 41: 298-313.

Fox, M. W. Socio-infantile and socio-sexual signals in canids: a Comparaive and Ontogenetic study Z. Tierpsychol.; 1971. 28(2): 185-210.

Fox, M. W. The anatomy of aggression and its ritualization in Canidae: a developmental and comparative study Behaviour; 1969. 35: 242-258.

Fox, M. W The social significance of genital licking in the wolf (Canis lupus) J. Mamm.; 1972. 53(3): 637-640.

Fox, M. W.; Andrews, R. V. Physiological and biochemical correlates of individual differences in behavior of wolf cubs Behaviour; 1973. 46: 129-140.

Fox, M. W.; Halperin, S.; Wise, A.; Kohn, E. Species and hybrid differences in frequencies of play and agonistic actions in canids Z. Tierpsychol.; 1976. 40(2): 194-209.

Fox, M. W.; Lockwood, R.; Schideler, R. Introduction studies in captive wolf packs Z. Tierpsych.; 1974. 35: 39-48.

Frank, H. Evolution of canine information processing under conditions of natural and artificial selection Z. Tierpsychol.; 1980. 53(4): 389-399.

Frank, H.; Frank, M. G. Comparative manipulation-test performance in ten-week-old wolves *Canis lupus and Alaskan malamutes *Canis familiaris: a Piagetian interpretation. J. Comp. Pshchol.; 1985. 99(3): 266-274.

Frank, H.; Frank, M. G. Comparison of problem-solving performance in six-week-old wolves and dogs. Anim. Beh.; 1982. 30: 95-98.

Frank, H.; Frank, M. G. Information processing in wolves and dogs Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1984. 171: 225-228.

Frank, H.; Frank, M. G. Inhibition training in wolves and dogs Behavioural Processes; Oct. 1983. 8(4): 363-377.

Frank, H.; Frank, M. G. On the effects of domestication on canine social development and behavior. Applied Anim. Ethol.; 1982. 8: 507-525.

Frank, H.; Frank, M.; Hasselbach, L. M.; Littleton, D. M. Motivation and insight in wolf (*Canis lupus) and Alaskan malamute (*Canis familiaris): Visual discrimination learning. Bull. Psych. Soc.; 1989. 27(5): 455-458.

Frank, M. G.; Frank, H. Food reinforcement versus social reinforcement in timber wolf pups. Bull. Psychon. Soc.; 1988. 26:467-468.

Franzmann, A. W.; Schwartz, C. C. Moose twinning rates: a possible population condition assessment J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1985. 49: 394-396.

Franzmann, A. W.; Schwartz, C. C.; Johnson, D. C. Kenai Peninsula moose calf mortality study. Proj. Prog. Rep. Alaska Dep. Fish & Game; 1983. 1(1.33R): 13.

Franzmann, A. W.; Schwartz, C. C.; Peterson, R. O. Moose calf mortality in summer on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1980. 44: 764-768.

Freeman, M. M. Population characteristics of musk-oxen in the Jones Sound region of the Northwest Territories J. Wildl. Manage.; 1971. 35(1): 103-108.

Freeman, R. C.; Shaw, J. H. Hybridization in canis (Canidae) in Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist; 1979. 24(3): 485-500.

Freeman, R. S.; Adorjan, A.; Pimlott, D. H. Cestodes of wolves, coyotes, and coyote-dog hybrids in Ontario. Can. J. Zool.; 1961. 39(4): 527-532.

Frenzel, L. D. Occurrence of moose in food of wolves as revealed by scat analyses: a review of North American studies. Naturalist Can.; 1974. 101: 467-479.

Frenzel, L. D.; Mech, L. D. Wolf-deer relations in northeastern Minnesota. The Naturalist; Spring 1967. 8-9.

Frijlink, J. H. Patterns of wolf pack movements prior to kills as read from tracks in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Bijd. Dierkd.; 1977. 47(1): 131-137.

Friss, L. K. An investigation of subspecific relationships of the grey wolf, *Canis lupus, in British Columbia, Canada. Univ. of Victoria. Victoria, B. C., Canada, M.S. Thesis; 1985.

Fritts, S. H. Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota. Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, Ph.D. Thesis; 1979.

Fritts, S. H. Gray Wolf recovery in the northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; July 1, 1991.

Fritts, S. H. Record dispersal by a wolf from Minnesota J. Mamm.; 1983. 64(1): 166-167.

Fritts, S. H. Wolf depredation on livestock in Minnesota U.S. Dept. of the Interior; 1982. Publication No. 145: 1-11.

Fritts, S. H. Wolves and wolf recovery efforts in the Northwestern United States. Western Wildlands; 1991. 17(1): 2-6.

Fritts, S. H.; Bangs, E. E.; Gore, J. F. The relationship of wolf recovery to habitat conservation and biodiversity in the northwestern United States Landscape and Urban Planning; 1994. 28: 23-32.

Fritts, S. H.; Carbyn, L. N. Population viability, nature reserves, and the outlook for gray wolf conservation in North America Restor. Ecol.; 1995. 3(1): 26-38.

Fritts, S. H.; Caywood, D. D. Osteoarthrosis in a wolf(*Canis lupus) radio-tracked in Minnesota. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1980. 16(3): 413-417.

Fritts, S. H.; Mech, L. D. Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota Wildlife Monographs; Oct 1981. No. 80: 4-79

Fritts, S. H.; Paul, W. J. Interactions of wolves and dogs in Minnesota Wildlife Society Bulletin; 1989. 17(2): 121-123.

Fritts, S. H.; Paul, W. J.; Mech, L. D. Can relocated wolves survive? Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1985. 13(4): 459-463.

Fritts, S. H.; Paul, W. J.; Mech, L. D. Evaluation of methods for alleviating wolf depredations on livestock. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv.; 1979.

Fritts, S. H.; Paul, W. J.; Mech, L. D. Movements of translocated wolves in Minnesota J. Wildl. Man.; 1984. 48(3): 709-721.

Fritts, S. H.; Paul, W. J.; Mech, L. D.; Scott, D. P. Trends and Management of Wolf-Livestock Conflicts in Minnesota. U.S.F.W.S. Resource Publ.; 1992. 181.

Frye, O. E.; Lay, D. W. Fur resources and fur animals of Texas. Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Tech. Bull.; 1942. 25.

Fryxell, J. M. Forage quality and aggregation by large herbivores Am. Nat.; 1991. 138: 478-498.

Fryxell, J. M. Population dynamics of Newfoundland moose using cohort analysis J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1988. 52: 14-21.

Fryxell, J. M.; Greever, J.; Sinclair, A. R. E. Why are migratory ungulates so abundant? Am. Nat.; 1988. 131(6): 781-798.

Fuller, T. K. Denning behavior of wolves in north-central Minnesota (Notes and Discussion) The American Midland Naturalist; 1989. 121(1): 184-188.

Fuller, T. K. Dynamics of a declining white-tailed deer population in north-central Minnesota Wildl. Monogr.; 1990. 110: 1-37.

Fuller, T. K. Effect of snow depth on wolf activity and prey selection in north central Minnesota Can. J. Zool.; 1991. 69(2): 283-287. [In English with French summ.]

Fuller, T. K. Population dynamics of wolves in North-Central Minnesota Wildl. Mon.; 1989. 105: 1-41.

Fuller, T. K.; Berg, W. E.; Radde, G. L.; Lenarz, M. S.; Joselyn, G. B. A history and current estimate of wolf distribution and numbers in Minnesota Wildlife Society Bulletin; 1992. 20(1): 42-55.

Fuller, T. K.; Keith, L. B. Immobilization of wolves in winter with etorphine J. Wildl. Man.; 1981. 45: 271-273.

Fuller, T. K.; Keith, L. B. Non-overlapping ranges of coyotes and wolves in northeastern Alberta Journal of Mammalogy; 1981. 62(2): 403-405.

Fuller, T. K.; Keith, L. B. Wolf population dynamics and prey relationships in northeastern Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management; 1980. 44(3): 583-602.

Fuller, T. K.; Keith, L. B. Woodland caribou population dynamics in northeastern Alberta J. Wildl. Manage.; 1981. 45(1).

Fuller, T. K.; Kuehn, D. W. Immobilization of wolves using ketamine in combination with xylazine or promazine. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1983. 19(1): 69-72.

Fuller, T. K.; Sampson, B. A. Evaluation of a simulated howling survey for wolves Journal of Wildlife Management; 1988. 52(1): 60-63.

Fuller, T. K.; Snow, W. J. Estimating winter wolf densities using radiotelemetry data Wildlife Society Bulletin; 1988. 16(4): 367-370.

Fuller, W. A. The biology and management of the bison of Wood Buffalo National Park Can. Wild. Serv. Manage. Bull.; 1966. 1(16): 34-38.

Fuller, W. A. Wolf control operations, Southern Mackenzie District, 1954-1955. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rept.; October 1955.

Fuller, W. A.; Novakowski, N. S. Wolf control operations, Wood Buffalo National Park, 1951-1952. Can. Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Man. Bull.; 1955. 1(11).

Fund for Animals vs. Andrus. In: Environmental case reporter no. 11. Bur. of Natl. Affrs., Washington, D. C.; 1978.

Galaka, B. A. Hybrid wolves in Vinnitsa region. [In Russian, English summ.] Akad. Nauk Ursr, Kiev. Zool. Muzei. Zbirnyk Prats; 1969. 33: 113-114.

Gao, Z. Feeding habits of the wolf in inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang Provinces, China Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1990. 19(2): 563-565.

Garceau, P. Food Habits and hunting behavior of wolves in southeastern Alaska. Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game; 1960. 1: 486-489.

Garceau, P. Wolf management studies. Reproduction, growth and mortality of wolves in southeast Alaska. Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1960. 1: 458-485.

Garceau, P. Wolf predation on Sitka black-tailed deer ADF&G Federal Aid, Alaska; 1963.

Garceau, P. Wolf predation studies on black-tailed deer. ADF&G Federal Aid, Alaska; 1961.

Garceau, P.; Atwell, G. Wolf management studies. Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1961. 2(10).

Gardner, H. M.; Hueston, W. D.; Donovan, E. F. Use of mibolerone in wolves and in three *Panthera species. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.; 1985. 187(11): 1193-1194.

Garrott, R. A.; White, P. J.; Vanderbilt White, C. A. Overabundane: An Issue for Conservation Bilogists? Conservation Biology; 1993. 7(4): 946-949.

Gasaway, M. Management of complex predator-prey systems in Alaska. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C. ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 124-135.

Gasaway, W. C.; Boertje, R. D.; Grangaard, D. V.; Kelleyhouse, D. G.; Stephenson, R. O.; Larsen, D. G. The role of predation in limiting moose at low densities in Alaska and Yukon and implications for conservation Wildl. Monogr. 120; Jan 1992.

Gasaway, W. C.; Dubois, S. D.; Reed, D. J.; Harbo, S. J. Estimating moose population parameters from aerial surveys Univ. of Alaska, Inst. of Arctic Biology; 1986. 22.

Gasaway, W. C.; Stephenson, R.; Davis, J. Wolf-prey relationships in interior Alaska. Alaska Dept. Fish & Game Wildl. Tech. Bull.; 1983. 6.

Gasaway, W. C.; Stephenson, R. O.; Davis, J. L.; Shepherd, P. E. K.; Burris, O. E. Interrelationships of wolves, prey, and man in interior Alaska. Wildl. Monogr.; July 1983. 84: 1-50.

Gasaway, W. C.; Stephenson, R. O.; Jennings, L. B. Wolf-moose relationships in game management unit 20A following wolf control.: Progress report.

Gates, C. C.; Adamczewski, J.; Mulders, R. Population dynamics, winter ecology and social organization of Coats Island caribou Arctic; 1986. 39(3): 216-222.

Gates, C. C.; Larter, N. C. Growth and dispersal of an erupting large herbivore population in northern Canada: the Mackenzie wood bison (*Bison bison athabascae) Arctic; 1990. 43(3): 231-238.

Gebler, H.; Bamann, E.; Schub, B.; Forster, H. The question of the ontological position of *Canis lupus, Canis dingo and Canis familiaris. [In German, English summ.] Hoppe-Seyer's Z. Physiol. Chemie; 1963. 330(4-6): 198-204.

Gee, C. K. Cattle and calf losses to predators-feeder cattle enterprises in the United States. J. Range Manage.; 1979. 32(2): 152-154.

Gensch, W. Notes on breeding timber wolves at Dresden Zoo. Int. Zoo Yb.; 1968. 8: 15-16.

Geptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P.; Jurgenson, P. B.; et al. Mlekopitajuscie Sovetskogo Sujuza [The Mammals of the Soviet Union] Moscow; 1967. 2(1): 123-193. [In Russian]

Gese, E. M.; Mech, L. D. Dispersal of wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota, 1969-1989 Can. J. Zool.; 1991. 69(12): 2946-2955. [In English with French summ.]

Gilkison, D. Visual attention and social dominance in a captive wolf pack. Julian Center for Science and Education; 1985. (Abstract.)

Gill, J. What's a Deer-Yard in Maine? The Northern Logger; 1966.

Gill, J. D.; Mincher, W. C. Cedar and Game Maine Dept. of Inland Fisheries & Game; Spring 1966.

Gilmore, R. M. Mammals in archaeological collections from southwestern Pennsylvania. J. Mamm.; 1946. 27(3): 227-234.

Gilmore, R. M. The Identification and Value of Mammal Bones from Archaeological Excavations. J. Mamm.; 1949. 30(2): 163-169.

Ginsburg, B. E.; Schotte, C. S. Genetic differences determining the capacitites for social behavior among wolves and dogs. (Abstract) Behav. Genet.; 1978. 8(1): 94.

Gipson, P. S. Evaluation and control implications of behavior of feral dogs in interior Alaska. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ.; 1983. 817: 285-294.

Gipson, P. S. Melanistic Canis in Arkansas. Southwestern Naturalist; 1976. 21(2): 124-126.

Gipson, P. S. The taxonomy, reproductive biology, food habits and range of wild Canis (Canidae) in Arkansas. Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, Ph.D. Thesis; 1972.

Gipson, P. S.; Sealander, J. A. Changing food habits of wild Canis in Arkansas with emphasis on coyote hybrids and feral dogs Am. Midland Nat.; 1976. 95(1): 249-253.

Gipson, P. S.; Sealander, J. A.; Dunn, J. E. The taxonomic status of wild Canis in Arkansas. Systematic Zoology; 1974. 23(1): 1-11.

Gittleman, J. L. Carnivore brain size, behavioral ecology, and phylogeny. J. Mamm.; 1986. 67(1): 23-36.

Gittleman, J. L.; Pimm, S. L. Crying wolf in North America Nature; June 13, 1991. 351(6327): 524-525.

Glaser, F. Wolves don't live by rules Outdoor Life; March 1968. 42-45 & 123-127.

Goddard, M. E.; Beilharz, R. G. Individual variation in agonistic behaviour in dogs. Anim. Beh.; 1985. 33(4): 1338-1342.

Goertz, J. W.; Fitzgerald, L. V.; Nowak, R. M. The status of wild Canis in Louisiana. Am. Midl. Nat.; 1975. 93(1): 215-218.

Golani, I.; Moran, G. A. Motility-immobility gradient in the behavior of the inferior wolf during ritualized fighting. In Eisenberg, J.F.; Kleiman, D. G. eds. Advances in the study of mammalian behavior. Amer. Soc. Mamm.; 1983. 7: 65-95.

Golani, I.; Zeidel, S.; Eshkol, N. Eshkol-Wachman movement notation -- the golden jackal. Available from the authors, Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. The Movement Notation Society Press; 1969.

Goldman, E. A. The wolves of North America. J. Mamm.; 1937. 18(1): 37-45.

Goldman, E. A. The wolves of North America, Part II. Classification of wolves. The Amer. Wildl. Instit., Washington, D. C.; 1944. 389-636.

Goodwin, E. A.; Ballard, W. B. Use of tooth cementum for age determination of gray wolves. J. Wildl. Man.; 1985. 49(2): 313-316.

Goyal, S. M.; Mech, L. D.; Nelson, M. E. Prevalence of antibody titers to Leptospira Spp. in Minnesota white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Dis.; 1992. 28(3): 445-448.

Goyal, S. M.; Mech, L. D.; Rademacher, R. A.; Khan, M. A.; Seal, U. S. Antibodies against canine parvovirus in wolves in Minnesota: A serologic study from 1975 through 1985 J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.; 1986. 189(9): 1092-1094.

Grande-del-Brio, R. Organizacion territorial del lobo iberico. Quercus; 1988. 29: 24-28.

Grange, W. Fire and Tree Growth Relationships to Snowshoe Rabbits 111-125.

Graves, J. Wolves of the Northwest Territories Northwest Territories Wildlife Service, Renewable Resources; 1980.

Gray, D. R. Interactions between wolves and muskoxen on Bathurst island, N.W.T, Canada. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 255-257.

Gray, D. R. Movements and behaviour of tagged muskoxen (*Ovibos moschatus) on Bathurst Island, N.W.T. Musk-Ox; 1979. 25: 29-46.

Gray, D. R. The killing of a bull muskox by a single wolf. Arctic; 1970. 23(3): 197-199.

Gray, D. R. The Use of Muskox Kill Sites as Temporary Rendezvous Sites by Arctic Wolves with Pups in Early Winter Arctic; 1993. 46(4): 324-330.

Green, H. U. The wolves of Banff National Park. Can. Dept. Resource Dev., Natl. Parks Br., Can. Natl. Parks and Hist. Sites. Serv. Rep.; 1951.

Green, J. S.; Golightly Jr., R. T.; Lindsey, S. L.; LeaMaster, B. R. Use of radio transmitter implants in wild canids. Great Basin Nat.; 1985. 45(3): 567-570.

Green, R. G.; Evans, D. A.; Larson, C. L. A Ten-Year Population Study of the Rabbit Tick Haemaphysalis Leporis-Palustris The American Journal of Hygiene; 1943. 38(3): 260-281.

Green, R. G.; Larson, C. L.; Bell, J. F. Shock Disease as the Cause of the Periodic Decimation of the Snowshoe Hare The American Journal of Hygiene; 1939. 30(3): 83-102.

Greenleaf, S. The evolution of the wolf in children's books. Appraisal, Science Books for Young People; 1989. 22(3): 1-6.

Greer, K. R. Yearly Food Habits of the River Otter in the Thompson Lakes Region, Northwestern Montana, as Indicated by Scat Analyses American Midland Naturalist; 1955. 54(2): 299-313.

Grote, J. Oxygen-affinity of hemoglobin and acid-base equilibrium in the blood of Canidae. [In German] Z. Wissenschaft. Zool.; 1965. 172(3/4): 179-227. [In German]

Gubar', Yu. P. Current state of wolf numbers in the Russian SFSR. In Ecology, Protection, and use of predatory mammals in the Russian SFSR. [In Russian] Moscow; 1982. 28-47. [In Russian]

Guberti, V.; Francisci, F.; Andreotta, U.; Andreoni, A. A. ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS IN WOLF (Canis lupus) IN ITALY Ist. Naz. Biol. Selvaggina; 1991. 18.

Gubser, H. H. Suggestions on trapping coyotes and wolves in Alaska. U.S. Biological Survey, Wildlife Leaflet; 1936. 62.

Guigov, A. Information on toxoplasmosis in Bulgaria. [In French, Engl. summ] Acta Parasitologica Polonica; 1967. 15(1): 135-139. [In French, Engl. summ]

Gulev, I. A. The wolf, research and elimination of its breeding. Kirov. Obl. Izd.; 1951. [In Russian]

Gullion, G. W. A Critique Concerning Foreign Game Bird Introductions The Wilson Bulletin; 1965. 77(4): 409-414.

Gullion, G. W. A Viewpoint Concerning the Significance of Studies of Game Bird Food Habits The Condor; 1966. 68(4): 372-376.

Gullion, G. W. Forest Manipulation for Ruffed Grouse Transactions of the 42nd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference; 1977.

Gullion, G. W. Maintenance of the Aspen Ecosystem as a Primary Wildlife Habitat 13th Congress of Game Biologists

Gullion, G. W. Selection and use of Drumming Sites by Male Ruffed Grouse The Auk; 1967. 84(1): 87-112.

Gullion, G. W.; King, R. T.; Marshall, W. H. Male Ruffed Grouse and Thirty Years of Forest Management on the Cloquet Forest Research Center, Minnesota Journal of Forestry; 1962. 60(9): 617-622.

Gullion, G. W.; Marshall, W. H. Survival of Ruffed Grouse in a Boreal Forest The Living Bird; 1968. 7: 117-167.

Gunn, A.; Miller, F. T. Muskox Bull Killed by a Barren-Ground Grizzly Bear, Thelon Game Sanctuary, N.W.T. Arctic; 1982. 35(4): 545-546.

Gunson, J. R. Historical and present management of wolves in Alberta Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1992. 20(3). 330-339.

Gunson, J. R. Management plan for wolves in Alberta Alberta For. Lands Wildl. Wildl. Manage. Planning Ser.; 1991. 4.

Gunson, J. R. Review of management and research of wolf-big game predation in Alberta. Alberta Energy Nat. Resour., Fish and Wildl. Div.; 1984.

Gunson, J. R. Status and management of wolves in Alberta. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 25-29.

Gunson, J. R Wolf predation on livestock in western Canada Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 102-105.

Gunson, J. R Wolf-ungulate predation in North America: review of major studies Alberta Energy Nat. Resour., Fish and Wildl. Div.; 1983.

Gunson, J. R. Wolves and elk in Alberta's Brazeau country Bugle; Winter 1986/87. 29-33.

Gunson, J. R.; Dies, K. H. Sylvatic Trichinosis in Alberta. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1980. 16(4): 525-528.

Gunson, J. R.; Nowak, R. M. Largest gray wolf skulls found in Alberta. Can. Field-Nat.; 1979. 93(3): 308-309.

Gurskii, I. G. The form of bite and tooth obliteration. [In Russian, English summ.] Vestnik Zoologie; 1970. 4(4): 56-60. [In Russian, English summ.]

Gurskij, I. G. Volk juga Evropejskoj casti SSSR (Opyt ekologo-morfologiceskogo izucenija populajacij) [The wolf in the southern part of the European USSR. (Ecological & morphological population studies)]. Autoref. kand. diss. Odessa; 1969. [In Russian]

Gurskij, I. G. Volk v severo-zapadnom Pricernomor'e (ucastok obitanija, struktura populjacii, razmnozenie) [The wolf in the area northwest of the Black Sea (Territory, population structure and reproduction)]. [In Russian] Bull. Mosk. obsc. ispytat. prirody (Biol.); 1978. 83(3): 29-38. [In Russian]

Gursky, I. G. Hybridization between wolves and dogs in nature. [In Russian, English summ.] Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prirody. Biull.: Otdel Biol.; 1975. 80(1): 131-136.

Gusev, O. Protiv idealizacii prirody [Against the Idealization of Nature]. Ochota ochotn. choz., Nr.; 1978. 11: 25-27. [In Russian]

Gustavson, C. R. An evaluation of taste aversion control of wolf predation in northern Minnesota. Applied Anim. Ethol.; 1982. 9: 63-71.

Gustavson, C. R.; Kelly, D. J.; Sweeney, M.; Garcia, J. Prey lithium aversions. I: coyotes and wolves. Behav. Biol.; 1976. 17(1): 61-72.

Gustavsson, I. The chromosomes of the dog. Hereditas; 1964. 51: 187-189.

Gustavsson, I.; Sundt, C. O. Chromosome complex of the family of Canidae. Hereditas; 1965. 54: 249-254.

Guthrie, R. D. Paleoecology and the large-mammal community in interior Alaska during the late Pleistocene. Am. Midl. Nat.; 1968. 79(2): 346-363.

Haag, W. C. An osteometric analysis of some aboriginal dogs. Reports in Anthropology, University of Kentucky; 1948. 7: 107-264.

Haber, G. C. Socio-ecological dynamics of wolves and prey in a subarctic ecosystem Vancouver: University of British Columbia, Ph.D. Thesis; 1977.

Haber, G. C. The social structure and behavior of an Alaskan wolf population. Michigan: N. Michigan University, M.A. Thesis; 1968.

Hafliger, U.; Bichsel, P.; Wandeler, A.; Steck. F. Oral immunization of foxes against rabies: Stabilization and use of bait for the virus. [In German with English summ.] Zentralbl. Veterinarmed; 1982. 29: 604-618. [In German with English summ.]

Haglund, B. Winter habits of the bear and the wolf as revealed by tracking in the snow Swedish Wildlife; 1968. 5: 213-361.

Hall, A. M. Ecology of beaver and selection of prey by wolves in central Ontario. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. Zool., M.S. Thesis; 1971.

Hamerstrom (Jr), F. N.; Hamerstrom F. Mobility of the Sharp-Tailed Grouse in Relation to Its Ecology and Distribution The American Midland Naturalist; 1951. 46(1): 174-226.

Hamilton (Jr), W. J.; Cook, A. H. The Biology and Management of the Fisher in New York New York Fish and Game Journal; 1955. 2(1): 13-35.

Hamlin, K. L.; Schweitzer, L. L. Cooperation by coyote pairs attacking mule deer fawns. J. Mamm.; 1979. 60(4): 849-850.

Hammel, H. T. Infrared emissivities of some Arctic fauna J. Mamm.; 1956. 37: 357-378.

Hammer, C.; Chaussy, C.; Von Scheel, J.; Pongratz, H.; Roscher, E.; Brendel, W. Survival times of skin and kidney grafts within different canine species in relation to their genetic markers. Transplantation Proceedings; 1975. 7: 439-447.

Hansen, J. Wolves of northern Idaho and northeastern Washington. Montana Coop. Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv.; 1986.

Harbo Jr., S. J.; Dean, F. C. Historical and current perspectives of wolf management in Alaska. In In Carbyn, L. N. ed. Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology and management. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 51-64.

Harington, C. R. Pleistocene mammals of the Yukon territory. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Zoology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Thesis; 1977.

Harper, F. The name of the Florida wolf. J. Mamm.; 1942. 23(3): 339.

Harrington, F. H. Aggressive howling in wolves. Anim. Behav.; 1987. 35: 7-12.

Harrington, F. H. Chorus howling by wolves: Acoustic structure, pack size and the Beau Geste effect Bioacoustics; 1989. 2: 117-136.

Harrington, F. H. Pseudo-urination by coyotes Journal of Mammalogy; August 1982. 63(3): 501-503.

Harrington, F. H. Ravens attracted to wolf howling. Condor; 1978. 80(2): 236-237.

Harrington, F. H. Response parameters of elicited wolf howling. (Available from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI: order no. 76-10,624). New York: State University of New York at Stony Brook, Thesis; 1975.

Harrington, F. H. The man who cries wolf: An ethologist decodes the meaning of wolf cries and silences Natural History; February, 1987. 22-26.

Harrington, F. H. Timber wolf howling playback studies: Discrimination of pup from adult howls. Anim. Behav.; 1986. 34(5): 1575-1577.

Harrington, F. H. Urine marking at food and caches in captive coyotes Canadian Journal of Zoology; 1982. 60: 776-782.

Harrington, F. H. Urine-marking and caching behavior in the wolf. Behaviour; 1981. 76(3-4): 280-288.

Harrington, F. H.; Mech, L. D. An analysis of howling response parameters useful for wolf pack censusing. J. Wildl. Man.; 1982. 46(3): 686-693.

Harrington, F. H.; Mech, L. D. Fall and winter homesite use by wolves in northeastern Minnesota. Can. Field-Nat.; 1982. 96(1): 79-84.

Harrington, F. H.; Mech, L. D. Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites Can. J. Zool.; 1978. 56(9): 2024-2028.

Harrington, F. H.; Mech, L. D. Wolf howling and its role in territory maintenance Behaviour; 1979. 68(3-4): 207-249.

Harrington, F. H.; Mech, L. D. Wolf pack spacing: howling as a territory-independent spacing mechanism in a territorial population Beh. Ecol. Soc.; 1983. 12: 161-168.

Harrington, F. H.; Mech, L. D.; Fritts, S. H. Pack size and wolf pup survival: their relationship under varying ecological conditions Beh. Ecol. Socbiol.; 1983. 13: 19-26.

Harrington, F. H.; Ryon, C. J.; Fentress, J. C. Multiple or extended estrus in a coyote (Canis latrans) The American Midland Naturalist; 1987. 117(1): 218-220.

Harris, R. B. Final report. Effects of elk migration and cattle distribution on wolf movements in southern Alberta. Univ. Montana, Missoula, Wolf Ecology Proj.; 1983. Unpubl.

Harris, R. B. The status of wolves in the Livingstone-Porcupine area of southern Alberta -- a preliminary report. Univ. Montana, Missoula, Wolf Ecology Proj.; 1981. Unpubl.

Harris, R. B.; Ream, R. R. A method to aid in discrimination of tracks from wolves and dogs. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 120-124.

Harrison, D. The Mammals of Arabia. Vol. 2: Carnivora, Hyracoidea, Artiodactyla. 1968.

Harrison, D. L. Some comparative features on the skulls of wolves (*Canis lupus) and pariah dogs (*Canis familiaris) from the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring lands. Bonner Zoologische Beitraege; 1973. 24: 188-191.

Harrop, A. E. Some observations on canine semen. Vet. Rec.; 1955. 67: 494-498.

Harwell, G. M.; Angell, J. A.; Merideth, R. E.; Carley, C. Chronic superficial keratitis in a Mexican wolf J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.; December 1, 1985. 187(11):1268.

Hastings, A. Age-dependent predation is not a simple process 2. Wolves, ungulates, and a discrete time model for predation on juveniles with a stabilizing tail Theor. Popul. Biol.; 1984. 26: 271-282.

Hauge, T. M.; Keith, L. B. Dynamics of moose populations in northeastern Alberta J. Wildl. Man.; 1981. 45(3): 573-597.

Havkin, G. Z. Symmetry shifts in the development of interactive behaviour of two wolf pups (*Canis lupus). Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Dalhousie University, M.A. Thesis; 1977.

Havkin, Z.; Fentress, J. C. The form of combative strategy in interactions among wolf pups (*Canis lupus) Z. Tierpsychol.; 1985. 68: 177-200.

Hawley, Vernon D.; Newby, Fletcher E. Marten Home Ranges and Population Fluctuations Journal of Mammology; 1957. 38(2): 174-184.

Hayes, R. D.; Baer, A. M. Brown bear (Ursus arctos) preying upon gray wolf (Canis lupus) pups at a wolf den Can. Field-Nat.; 1992. 106(2): 381-382.

Hayes, R. D.; Baer, A. M. Demography and prey relationships of an exploited wolf population in the southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1990. 19(2): 565.

Hayes, R. D.; Baer, A. M.; Farnell, R.; Sumanik, R.; Larsen, D. Wolf/prey studies in the Yukon Territory - 1983-88. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C. ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 70-81.

Hayes, R. D.; Baer, A. M.; Larsen, D. G. Population dynamics and prey relationships of an exploited and recovering wolf population in the southern Yukon Yukon F & W Branch, Dept. of Renewable Resources; 1991.

Hayes, R. D.; Mossop, D. H. Interactions of Wolves, Canis lupus, and Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, at a Wolf Den in the Northern Yukon The Canadian Field Naturalist; 1987. 101(4): 603-604.

Haynes, G. A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones. Paleobiol.; 1983. 9(2): 164-172.

Haynes, G. Prey bones and predators: potential ecologic information from analysis of bone sites. Ossa; 1980. 7: 75-97.

Haynes, G. Tooth wear rate in northern bison. J. Mamm.; 1984. 65(3): 487-491.

Haynes, G. Utilization and skeletal disturbances of North American prey carcasses. Arctic; 1982. 35: 266-281.

Heard, D. C. Historical and present status of wolves in the Northwest Territories. In Carbyn, L. N. ed. Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology and management. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 44-47.

Heard, D. C. The effect of wolf predation and snow cover on musk-ox group size The American Naturalist; January 1992. 139(1): 190-204.

Heard, D. C.; Calef, G. W. Population dynamics of the Kaminuriak caribou herd, 1968-1985 Rangifer; 1986. 1: 159-166.

Heard, D. C.; Williams, T. M. Distribution of wolf dens on migratory caribou ranges in the Northwest Territories, Canada Can. J. Zool.; 1992. 70(8): 1504-1510.

Heard, D. C.; Williams, T. M.; Melton, D. A. The relationship between food intake and predation risk in migratory caribou and implications to caribou and wolf population dynamics

Heimer, W. E.; Watson, S. M. Tanana Flats Wolf Population, Interior Sheep Studies. Vol. III, Project Progress Report, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Nov. 1982. Alaska Sportsman; 1982. 50(6): 58.

Heinrich, D. A comparative investigation of adrenal glands of some species of the family Canidae, Gray, 1821. Z. Wissenschaft. Zool.; 1972. 185(1/2): 122-192.

Heinselman, M. L. Fire in the Virgin Forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota Journal of Quaternary Research; 1973. 3(3): 329-382.

Heinselman, M. L. Landscape Evolution, Peatland Types, and the Environment in the Lake Agassiz Peatlands Natural Area, Minesota Ecological Monographs; 1970. 40: 235-261.

Hell, P. Dental anomalies among west Carpathian wolves and their significance in dog breeding Z. Jagdwiss; 1990. 36(4): 266-269.

Hell, P. Prispevok ku kraniometrickemu studiu vlka obycajneho *Canis lupus L. zo zapadnych Karpat. *Lynx Mus. Nat. Praha; 1972. 13.

Hell, P. The wolf (Canis lupus) in the Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia Z. Jagdwiss; 1990. 36(3): 160-168.

Hell, P.; Paule, L. Taxonomic data on the wolf (*Canis lupus) from the Slovakian Carpathians. [In German with English summ.] Folia Zool. Brno; 1982. 31: 255-270. [In German with English summ.]

Hell, P.; Sladek, J. Polovnicke obhospodarovanie velkych nasozravcov Carnivora na Slovensku Polovnicky zbornik II; 1972.

Hellmers, H. A Study of Monthly Variations in the Nutritive Value of Several Natural Winter Deer Foods The Journal of Wildlife Management; 1940. 4(3): 315-325.

Hemmer, H. Man's strategy in domestication: A synthesis on new research trends. Experientia; 1976. 32: 663-666.

Hemmer, H. Zir Abstammung Des Haushundes und zur Veranderung der Relativen Hirngrobe bei der Domestikation -- The origin of the domestic dog and changes in relative brain size due to domestication. Zoologische Beitraege; 1975. 21(1): 97-104.

Hendrickson, J.; Robinson, W. L.; Mech, L. D. Status of the wolf in Michigan Am. Midl. Nat.; 1973. 94(1): 226-232.

Hensel, P. Adopt-a-Wolf helps packs thrive in state Milwaukee Journal; March 17, 1991. 3.

Henshaw, R. E.; Stephenson, R. O. Homing in the gray wolf (*Canis lupus). J. Mamm.; 1974. 55: 234-237.

Henshaw, R. E.; Underwood, L. S.; Casey, T. M. Peripheral thermoregulation: Foot temperature in two arctic canines. Science; 1972. 175(4025): 988-990.

Herman, M.; Willard, E. E. Rocky Mountain wolf and its habitat. U.S. For. Serv. & Mont. For. Cons. Exp. Stn., Univ. Mont., Missoula.

Herre, W. Remarks on the evolution of `languages' among mammals. The variability of the intraspecific communication of canids. [In German, English summ.] Z. Zool. Syst. Evol.; 1979. 17(2): 151-173. [In German, English summ.]

Hertel, H. H. Social niche of juvenile wolves: Puppyhood to independence. (Abstract) J. Minn. Acad. Sci.; 1982. 48(3): 23. (Abstract only.)

Hertel, H. H. The role of social niche in juvenile wolves: puppyhood to independence University of Minnesota, Thesis; 1984.

Hidalgo, A.; Valverde, J. A. Clases de edades en los lobos espanoles. Int.Congr.Game Biol., Lisboa, Portugal 12; 1975.

Hiestand, N. L. A comparison of problem-solving and spatial orientation in the wolf (*Canis lupus) and dog (*Canis familiaris) University of Connecticut, Ph.D. Thesis; 1989.

Highby, Paul R. A Management Program for Minnesota Muskrat Proceedings of the Minnesota Academy of Science; 1941. 9: 30-34.

Hildebrand, M. An analysis of body proportions in the Canidae. Am. J. Anat.; 1952. 90: 217-256.

Hildebrand, M. Comparative morphology of the body skeleton in recent Canidae. University of California Publications in Zoology; 1954. 52: 399-470.

Hildebrand, M. Morphology of the skeleton and integument in recent Canidae. University of California, Berkeley, Ph.D. Thesis; 1951.

Hildebrand, M. The integument in Canidae. J. Mamm.; 1952. 33: 419-428.

Hillis, T. L.; Mallory, F. F. Interrelationships of Snow Depth to Primary and Secondary Predator/Prey Systems in the Tundra/Boreal Ecotone of the Keewatin/ Manitoba Region The Musk-Ox; 1989. 37: 137-143.

Hinske, G. Studies of coyote skulls and dubious hybrid populations. Zool. Anz.; 1974. 192(1/2): 98-137.

Hoefs, M.; Hoefs, H.; Burles, D. Observations on dall sheep, *Ovis dalli dalli-grey wolf, *Canis lupus pambasileus, interactions in the Kluane Lake Area, Yukon. Can. Field-Nat.; 1986. 100: 78-84.

Holleman, D. F.; Stephenson, R. O. Prey selection and consumption ay Alaskan wolves in winter. J. Wildl. Man.; 1981. 45(3): 620-628.

Hollemann, D. F.; Luick, J. R. Radiocesium kinetics in arctic carnivores. Health Physics; 1976. 30(2): 241-243.

Holler, W. Comparative study of the upper first molars in the wolf (*Canis lupus lupus), house dog (*Canis familiaris), and the oriental jackal (*Canis aureus) with the aid of moire topography. Saeugetierkunstliche Mitteilungen; 1978. 26(2): 131-139.

Holling, C. S. The functional responses of predators to prey density and its role in mimicry and population regulation Ent. Soc. Can. Memoirs; 1965. 45: 1-60.

Holmes, J. C.; Podesta, R. The helminths of wolves and coyotes from the forested regions of Alberta. Can. J. Zool.; 1968. 46: 1193-1204.

Hook, D. A survey of public attitudes toward predators in six Michigan counties. North. Mich. Univ., Marquette, M.A. Thesis; 1982.

Hoppeler, H.; Lindstedt, S. L.; Claassen, H; Taylor, C. R.; Mathiew, O.; Weibel, E. R. Scaling mitochondrial volume in heart to body mass. Respir. Physiol.; 1984. 55: 131-138.

Horejsi, B. L.; Hornbeck, G. E.; Raine, R. M. Wolves, *Canis lupus, kill female black bear, *Ursus americanus, in Alberta. Can. Field-Nat.; 1984. 98(3): 368-369.

Hoskinson, R. L.; Mech, L. D. White-tailed deer migration and its role in wolf predation. J. Wildl. Man.; 1976. 40(3): 429-441.

Howard, W. E. A means to distinguish skulls of coyotes and domestic dogs. J. Mamm.; 1949. 30(2): 169-171.

Huber, D.; Radisic, B.; Novosel, D.; Frkovic, A. Survey of public attitude towards wolves in Croatia (in Croatian) Original Scientific Papers; 1994. 68: 167-172.

Huber, W.; Lueps, P. Problems of the skull of the domestic dog from the recent point of view. Lynx; 1970. 11: 67-73.

Huggard, D. J. Effect of snow depth on predation and scavenging by gray wolves J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1993. 57(2): 382-388.

Huggard, D. J. Prey selectivity of wolves in Banff National Park. I. Prey species Canadian Journal of Zoology; 1993. 71(1): 130-139.

Huggard, D. J. Prey selectivity of wolves in Banff National Park. II. Age, sex, and condition of elk Can. J. Zool.; 1993. 71(1): 140-147.

Hummel, M. The IUCN/WWF perspective on wolf conservation. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C. ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 136-142.

Hungerford, S. A; Snyder, R. L. Chromosomes of a European wolf (*Canis lupus) and of a Bactrian camel (*Camelus bactrianus). Mammalian Chromosomes Newsletter; 1966. 20: 72.

Huot, J.; Banville, D.; Jolicoeur, H. Etude de la predation par le loup sur le cerf de virginie dans la region de l'Outaouais. Que. Minist. Tour., Chasse et de la Peche, Dir. Rech. Faun; 1978.

Ichim, R WOLVES AND ECOLOGICAL BALANCE IN THE BUKOVINA FORESTS, ROMANIA Revista Padurilor; 1987. 102(1): 25-28. [In Romanian withEnglish summ.] From For. Abstr.; 1990. 51(9): 5994.

Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Biennial Reports 1900-1960.

Iljin, N. A. Segregation in crosses between a wolf and a dog, and material on the genetics of the dog. [In Russian, English summ] Trudy Po Dinamike Razvitiia; 1934. 8: 105-165. [In Russian, English summ]

Iljin, N. A. Wolf-dog genetics. J. Gene.; 1941. 42(3): 359-441.

Ingles, L. G. Status of the wolf in California. J. Mamm.; 1963. 44(1): 109.

Isunin, G. Sezonnye izmenenija v pitanii pustynnogo volka (zapovednik Aralpajgambar) [Annual variation in feeding patterns in the desert wolf (Aralpaigambar Preserve)]. [In Russian] Uz. biol. zurn.; 1966. 1: 56-57. [In Russian]

Ivanov, F. V. The History of the Wolf in the Ryazan Area. In Scientific Work at the Nature Reserve of Oka. Moscow. Translated by Torsten Jansson. 1967.

Jackson, R. Snow leopards and other wildlife in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve of Tibet Snow Line; 1991. 9(1): 9-12.

James, D. D. Seasonal movements, summer food habits and summer predation rates of wolves in northwest Alaska. University of Alaska, Thesis; 1983.

Janz, D. W. Wolf-deer interactions on Vancouver Island - A review. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 26-42.

Jedrzejewski, W.; Jedrzejewska, B.; Okarma, H.; Ruprecht, A. L. Wolf predation and snow cover as mortality factors in the ungulate community of the Bialowieza National Park, Poland Oecologia (Heidelb.); 1992. 90(1): 27-36.

Jenkins, B. C. What About Controlled Burning? Michigan Conservation; 1946. 15(4): 12-14.

Jenks, S. M. Behavioral regulation of social organization and mating in a captive wolf pack Univ. Conn. Dept. Biobehavioral Sci., Ph.D. Thesis; 1988.

Jenness, S. E. Arctic wolf attacks scientist: A unique Canadian incident. Arctic; 1985. 38(2): 129-132.

Jensen, W. F.; Fuller, T. K.; Robinson, W. L. Wolf, Canis lupus, distribution on the Ontario-Michigan border near Sault Ste. Marie Can. Field-Nat.; 1986. 100(3): 363-366.

Jhala, Y. V. habitat and population dynamics of wolves and blackbuck in velavadar national park, Gujarat, India Va. Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Diss. Abstr. Int. B Sci. Eng.; 1991. 54(4).

Jhala, Y. V.; Giles Jr., R. H. The status and conservation of the wolf in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India Conserv. Biol.; 1991. 5(4): 476-483. [In English with Spanish summ.]

Johnsingh, A. J. T. Large mammalian prey-predators in Bandipur. J. Bombay. Nat. Hist. Soc.; 1983. 80(1): 1-57.

Johnsingh, A. J. T. Reproductive and social behavior of the dhole, *Cuon alpinus (Canidae). J. Zool.; 1982. 198: 443-463.

Johnson, C. E. A note of the habits of the timber wolf. J. Mamm.; 1921. 2: 11-15.

Johnson, M. K. Review of endangerd species: policies and legislation. Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1979. 7(2): 79-93.

Johnson, M. K.; Hansen, R. M. Comparison of point frame and hand separation of coyote scats. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1977. 41: 319-320.

Johnson, M. K.; Hansen, R. M. Estimating coyote food intake from undigested residue in scats. Am. Midl. Nat.; 1979. 101(1): 363-367.

Johnson, M. K.; Hansen, R. M. Estimating dry weights per occurrence for taxa in coyote scats. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1978. 42: 913-915.

Johnson, M.; Pletscher, D. H.; Boyd, D. K. Serologic investigations of canine parvovirus and canine distemper in relation to wolf, Canis lupus, pup mortalities J. Wildl. Dis.; 1994. 30(2): 270-273.

Johnson, R. J. Wolves of the wilderness St. Paul Sunday Pioneer Press; 1969. 4-5, 7-8.

Johnson, R. T. On the spoor of the " Big bad wolf" The Journal of Environmental Education; Winter 1974. 6(2): 37-39.

Jolicoeur, P. Multivariate geographical variation in the wolf, *Canis Lupus L. Evolution; 1959. 13(3): 283-299.

Jones, G. W.; Mason, B. Relationship among wolves, hunting, and population trends of black-tailed deer in the Nimpkish Valley on Vancouver Island. B. C.Fish and Wildl. Rep.; 1983.

Jordan, P. A. Leadership and group response in timber wolves: a socio-ecological analysis. Paper presented at the 1969 annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society. 1969.

Jordan, P. A.; Shelton, P. C.; Allen, D. L. Numbers, turnover, and social structure of the Isle Royal wolf population. Am. Zool.; 1967. 7: 233-252.

Joslin, P. W. B. Movements and home sites of timber wolves in Algonquin Park. Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 279-288.

Joslin, P. W. B. Summer activities of two timber wolf (*Canis lupus) packs in Algonquin Park. Unpublished M.S. thesis. Toronto: University of Toronto, Thesis; 1966.

The wolf and its role as predator in the Darwin Preserve. [In Russian] Trudy Darvinsk. gos. zapov.; 1973. 11: 41-58. [In Russian]

Kaley, M. R. Summary of wolf observations since spring of 1975. Glacier National Park files, West Glacier, Montana; 1976.

Kaminski, T. Central Idaho wolf study progress report. Mont. Coop. Wildl. Res. Unit, Univ. Montana, Missoula; 1984.

Kaminski, T.; Boss, A. Gray wolf: history, present status and management recommendations. Boise Natl. Forest, Unpubl. Rep.; 1981.

Kaminski, T.; Hansen, J. Wolves of Central Idaho. Mont. Coop. Wildlife Research Unit. Rep.; 1984. Unpubl.

Karns, P. D. Brief Notes, Surveys and Comments Bull. Wildlife Disease Assoc.; 1966. 2.

Karns, P. D. Twenty-plus years of aerial moose census in Minnesota Alces; 1982. 18: 186-196.

Kasnevskij, P. F. Volk v Choperskom zapovednike [The wolf in the Chopjor Wildlife Preserve]. In: Ekologiceskie osnovy ochrany i racional'nogo ispol'zovanija chiscnych mlekopitajuscich. [In Russian] Moscow; 1979. 110-112. [In Russian]

Kaverznev, V. N. Volki i ich istreblenie. [Wolves and Their Destruction.] Moscow and Leningrad; 1933. [In Russian]

Kazacos, K. R.; Dougherty, T. J. Naturally occurring prenatal infection with *Toxocara canis in wolf pups (*Canis lupus) born in captivity, with notes on hookworm infection. J. Zoo. An. Med.; 1979. 10: 136-138.

Keiter, R. B.; Patrick T. H. Wolf recovery under the endangered species act: A study in contemporary federalism Public Land Law Review; 1990. 11: 19-52.

Keith, L. B. Some features of population dynamics in mammals Trans. Int. Cong. Game Biol.; 1974. 11: 17-58.

Keller, A. Study of the fine structure of guard hairs of some wild and domestic canids of genus *Canis. Rev. Suisse Zool.; 1984. 91: 973-992.

Kellert, S. R. Public perceptions of predators, particularly the wolf and coyote Biol. Conserv.; 1985. 31(2): 167-189.

Kellert, S. R. The public and the timber wolf in Minnesota. Trans. 51st N.A. Wildl. & Nat. Res. Conf.; 1986. 51: 193-200.

Kellert, S. R The public and the timber wolf in Minnesota Anthrozoos; 1987. 1(2): 100-109.

Kellert, S. R. The public and the timber wolf in Minnesota U.S. For. Serv., U.S. Fish. Wildl. Serv.; 1985.

Kelly, M. W. Observations afield on Alaskan wolves. Proc. Alaska Sci. Conf.; 1954. 5: 35.

Kelsall, J. P. The distribution and status of moose in North America Swedish Wildl. Res. Suppl.; 1987. 1: 1-10.

Kelsall, J. P. The Migratory Barren-Ground Caribou of Canada Canad. Wild. Serv. Monogr.; 1968. 3.

Kennedy, A.; Carbyn, L. N. Identification of prey using hair and feather remains with special reference to western Canadian National Parks. Canadian Wildlife Service Report; 1980.

Kennedy, A. J. Distinguishing characteristics of the hairs of wild and domestic canids from Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology: April 1982. 60(4): 536-541.

Kennedy, P. K.; Kennedy, M. L.; Clarkson, P. L.; Liepins, I. S. Genetic variability in natural populations of the gray wolf Can. J. Zool.; 1991. 69(5): 1183-1188.

Khan, M. A.; Goyal, S. M.; Diesch, S. L.; Mech, L. D.; Fritts, S. H. Seroepidemiology of Leptospirosis in Minnesota wolves J. Wildl. Dis.; 1991. 27(2): 248-253.

Kidd, N. A. C.; Lewis, G. B. Can vertebrate predators regulate their prey? A reply Am. Nat.; 1987. 130: 448-453.

King, Ralph T. Ruffed Grouse Management Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin; 1943. 8(3): 60-80.

Kirchhoff, M. D. Effects of forest fragmentation on deer in southeast Alaska. ADF&G, Wildlife Conservation; Sept. 1990.

Kleiman, D. Reproduction in the Canidae. Int. Zoo Yb.; 1968. 8: 3-8.

Kleiman, D. Scent marking in the Canidae. Symp. Zool. Soc. London; 1966. 18: 167-177.

Kleiman, D. G. Some aspects of social behavior in the Canidae Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7(2): 365-372.

Kleiman, D. G.; Eisenberg, J. F. Comparisons of canid and felid social systems from an evolutionary perspective. Anim. Beh.; 1973. 21: 637-659.

Klein, D. R. Postglacial distribution patterns of mammals in the southern coastal regions of Alaska. Arctic; 1965. 18: 7-20.

Klein, D. R.; Olson, S. T. Natural mortality patterns of deer in southeast Alaska J. Wildl. Manage.; 1960. 24(1): 81-88.

Klinghammer, E. Why support wolves when people are starving? Opening Address - Wolves--Symbol of our vanishing wilderness; Oct 10, 1986.

Klinghammer, E.; Brantley Jr., E. P. Social rank and mating behavior in two captive wolf packs (*Canis lupus). Anim. Behav. Soc., Ann. Meet. Trans Boulder. CO; 1977.

Klippel, W. E.; Snyder, L. M.; Parmalee, P. W. Taphonomy and archaeologically recovered mammal bone from southeast Missouri. J. Ethnobiol.; 1987. 7(2): 155-169.

Knick, S. T.; Mech, L. D. Sleeping distance in wild wolf packs Behav. Neural Biol.; 1980. 28(4): 507-511.

Kolenosky, G. B. Hybridization between wolf and coyote J. Mammal; 1971. 52: 446-449.

Kolenosky, G. B. Status and management of wolves in Ontario. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 35-40.

Kolenosky, G. B. Wolf predation on wintering deer in east-central Ontario. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1972. 36(2): 357-369.

Kolenosky, G. B.; Johnston, D. H. Radio-tracking timber wolves in Ontario. Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 289-303.

Kolenosky, G.; Voigt, D.; Standfield, R. O. Wolves and Coyotes in Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto.

Kolk, A.; Kiisk, K. About our wolves (Scandinavian) Eesti Loodus; 1983. 26: 514-520.

Komarek, R. A Discussion of Wildlife Management, Fire and the Wildlife Landscape Proceedings of the 5th Annual Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference; 1966.

Korneev, A. P. Volk ta jogo zniscennja [The Wolf and its Control]. Kiev and Charkov; 1950. [In Russian]

Krantz, G. S. Distinctions between the skulls of coyotes and dogs. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers; 1959. 21: 205-215.

Kreeger, T. Impact of dog predation on Minnesota whitetailed deer. J. Minn. Acad. Sci.; 1977. 43(2): 207-216.

Kreeger, T. J.; Faggella, A. M.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D.; Callahan, M.; Hall, B. Cardiovascular and behavioral responses of gray wolves to ketamine hydrochloride-xylazine hydrochloride immobilization and antagonism by yohimbine hydrochloride J. Wildl. Dis.; 1987. 23(3): 463-470.

Kreeger, T. J.; Kuechle, V. B.; Mech, L. D.; Tester, J. R.; Seal, U. S. Physiological monitoring of gray wolves (Canis lupus) by radiotelemetry J. Mamm.; 1990. 71(2): 258-261.

Kreeger, T. J.; Levine, A. S.; Seal, U. S.; Callahan, M.; Beckel, M. Diazepam-induced feeding in captive gray wolves (Canis lupus) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.; 1991. 39(3): 559-561.

Kreeger, T. J.; Mandsager, R. E.; Seal, U. S.; Callahan, M.; Beckel, M. Physiological response of gray wolves to butorphanol-xylazine immobilization and antagonism by naloxone and yohimbine Journal of Wildlife Diseases; 1989. 25(1): 89-94.

Kreeger, T. J.; Seal, Seal, U. S.; Callahan, M.; Beckel, M. Treatment and prevention with ivermectin of dirofilariasis and ancylostomiasis in captive gray wolves (Canis lupus) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine; 1990. 21(3): 310-317.

Kreeger, T. J.; Seal, Seal, U. S.; Callahan, M.; Beckel, M. Use of xylazine sedation with yohimbine antagonism in captive gray wolves Journal of Wildlife Diseases; 1988. 24(4): 688-690.

Kreeger, T. J.; Seal, U. S. Failure of yohimbine hydrochloride to antagonize ketamine hydrochloride immobilization of gray wolves. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1986. 22(4): 600-603.

Kreeger, T. J.; Seal, U. S. Immobilization of gray wolves (Canis lupus) with Sufentanil Citrate J. Wildl. Dis.; 1990. 26(4): 561-563.

Kreeger, T. J.; Seal, U. S.; Callahan, M.; Beckel, M. Physiological and behavioral responses of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to immobilization with Tiletamine and Zolazepam J. Wildl. Dis.; 1990. 26(1): 90-94.

Kreeger, T. J.; Seal, U. S.; Cohen, Y.; Plotka, E. D.; Asa, C. S. Characterization of prolactin secretion in gray wolves (Canis lupus) Can. J. Zool.; 1991. 69(5): 1366-1374.

Kreeger, T. J.; Seal, U. S.; Faggella, A. M. Xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilization of wolves and its antagonism by tolazoline hydrochloride. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1986. 22(3): 397-402.

Kreeger, T. J.; Seal, U. S.; Plotka, E. D. Influence of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical hormones on reproductive hormones in gray wolves (Canis lupus) J. Exp. Zool.; 1992. 264(1): 32-41.

Krefting, L. W. Moose Distribution and Habitat Selection in North Central North America Naturaliste can. 1974. 101: 81-100.

Krefting, L. W. The Coyote on Isle Royale Naturalist; 1969. 20(4).

Krefting, L. W. Use of Silvicultural Techniques for Improving Deer Habitat in the Lake States Journal of Forestry; 1962. 60(1).

Krefting, L. W.; Hansen, H. L.; Hunt, R. W. Aerial Applications of 2,4-D to Improve the Browse Supply for Deer Proceedings, Society of American Foresters; 1960.

Krefting, L. W.; Stoeckeler, J. H.; Bradle, B. J.; Fitzwater, W. D. Procupine-Timber Relationships in the Lake States Journal of Forestry; 1962. 60(5): 325-330.

Krombach, F.; Hammer, C.; Gebhard, F.; Scholz, S.; Gokel, M. The effect of cyclosporine on wolf to dog kidney xenografts. Transplantation Proceedings; 1985. 17(1): 1436-1437.

Kruuk, H. Surplus killing by carnivores. J. Zool. Soc. London; 1972. 166: 233-244.

Kudaktin, A. N. On the selectivity of ungulate hunting by the wolf in the Caucasus preserve. [In Russian] Bull. of the Moscow Soc. for Nat. Res., Biol.; 1978. 83(3): 19-28.

Kudaktin, A. N. Territorial distribution and population structure of wolves in the Caucasus preserve. [In Russian] Bull. Mosk. obsc. ispytat. priordy (Biol.); 1979. 84(2): 56-65. [In Russian]

Kuehn, D. W.; Fuller, T. K.; Mech, L. D.; Paul, W. J.; Fritts, S. H.; Berg, W. E. Trap-related injuries to gray wolves in Minnesota J. Wildl. Manage.; 1986. 50(1): 90-91.

Kuehn, D. W.; Karns, P. D. An Evaluation of Tooth Wear as a Criterion of Aging White-Tailed Deer

Kunkel, K. E.; Chapman, R. C.; Mech, L. D.; Gese, E. M. Testing the Wildlink activity-detection system on wolves and white-tailed deer Can. J. Zool.; 1991. 69(9): 2466-2469. [In English with French summ.]

Kunkel, K. E.; Mech, L. D. Wolf and bear predation on white-tailed deer fawns in northeastern Minnesota Can. J. Zool.; 1994. 72: 1557-1565.

Kusak, J.; Huber, D. Curiosity in the carnivores (in Croatian) Veterinarski Arhiv; 1991. 61(6): 395-409.

Kuyt, E. Food habits and ecology of wolves on barren-ground caribou range in the Northwest Territories Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1972. 21.

Kuyt, E. Movements of young wolves in the Northwest Territories of Canada. J. Mammal.; 1962. 43(2): 270-271.

Laikre, L.; Ryman, N. Inbreeding depression in a captive wolf population Conserv. Biol.; 5(1): 33-40. [In English with Spanish summ.]

LaJeunesse, T. A.; Peterson, R. O. Marrow and kidney fat as condition indices in gray wolves Wildlife Society Bulletin; 1993. 21(1): 87-90.

Lamprecht, J. The function of social hunting in larger terrestrial carnivores. Mamm. Rev.; 1981. 11(4): 169-179.

Larsen, D. G. Moose inventory in the southwest Yukon Alces; 1982. 18: 142-167.

Larsen, D. G.; Gauthier, D. A.; Markel, R. L. Causes and rate of moose mortality in the southwest Yukon J. Wildl. Manage.; 1989. 53(3): 548-557.

Larter, N. C.; Sinclair, A. R. E.; Bates, C. C. The response of predators to an erupting bison, Bison bison athabascae, population Can. Field-Nat.; 1994. 108(3): 318-327.

Lauer, B. H.; Kuyt, E.; Baker, B. E. Arctic wolf (*Canis lupus arctos) and husky milk: gross composition and fatty acid constitution. Can. J. Zool.; 1969. 47(1): 99-102.

Lawrence, B. Antiquity of large dogs in North America. Tebiwa; 1968. 11: 43-49.

Lawrence, B. Appendix E: Cave Fauna. Harvard University. Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Papers; 1956. 48: 80-81.

Lawrence, B. Early domestic dogs. Z. fur Saugetierkunde; 1967. 32: 44-59.

Lawrence, B.; Bossert, W. H. Multiple character analysis of *Canis lupus, latrans and familiaris, with a discussion of the relationship of Canis niger. Am. Zool.; 1967. 7: 223-232.

Lawrence, B.; Bossert, W. H. The cranial evidence for hybridization in New England *Canis. Brevoria; 1969. 13: 330.

Lay, D. W. Browse Palatability And the Effects of Prescribed Burning in Southern Pine Forests Journal of Forestry.

Leader-Williams, N. Population dynamics and mortality of reindeer introduced into South Georgia J. Wildl. Manage.; 1980. 44: 640-657.

Ledin, D.; Karns, P. On Minnesota's Moose; Does Minnesota's Moose Population - And Its Future Welfare - Warrant a Carefully Controlled Season?

Lehman, N. E. Population genetics of coyotes, foxes, and wolves. Los Angeles: Univ. Calif., Diss. Abstr. Int. B Sci. Eng.; 1990. 51(11).

Lehman, N. E.; Clarkson, P.; Mech, L. D.; Meier, T. J.; Wayne, R. K. A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA Behav. Ecol. and Sociobiol.; 1992. 30: 83-94.

Lehman, N. E.; Eisenhawer, A.; Hansen, K.; Mech, L. D.; Peterson, R. O.; Gogan, P. J. P.; Wayne, R. K. Introgression of coyote mitochondrial DNA into sympatric North American gray wolf populations Evolution; 1991. 45(1): 104-119.

Lehner, P. N. Coyote vocalizations: A lexicon and comparisons with other canids. Anim. Behav.; 1978. 26(3): 712-722.

Lent, P. C. Tolerance between grizzlies and wolves. J. Mamm.; 1964. 45(2): 304-305.

Lentfer, J. W.; Sanders, D. K. Notes on the captive wolf (*Canis lupus) colony, Barrow, Alaska. Can. J. Zool.; 1973. 51(6): 623-627.

Leone, C. A.; Weins, A. L. Comparative serology of carnivores. J. Mamm.; 1956. 37(1): 11-23.

Leopold, A. The Deer Dilemma Wisconsin Conservation Bulletin; 1946. 11(8-9).

LeRoux, P. A. Wolf survey-inventory report -- 1973 Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project ; 1975. 5.

Lesniewicz, K.; Perzanowski, K. The winter diet of wolves in the Bieszczady Mountains. Acta Theriol.; 1989. 34(27): 373-380.

Letkova, V.; Mituch, J.; Kocis, J.; Csizsmarova, G. Importance of carnivores in the distribution of Cysticercosis (Taenia Hydatigena Larvae) in cloven-footed game animals Folia Venatoria; 1989. 34(19): 327-332.

Licht, D. S.; Fritts, S. H. Gray wolf (Canis lupus) occurrences in the Dakotas The American Midland Naturalist. 1994. 132(1): 74-81.

Lime, D. W.; Anderson, D. A.; Mech, L. D. Interpreting wildlife through guided expeditions J. Interpretation; 1978. 3(2): 10-16.

Lincoln, G. A.; Short, R. V. Seasonal breeding: nature's contraceptive. Recent Prog. Horm. Res.; 1980. 36: 1-52.

Linhart, S. B.; Sterner, R. T.; Carrigan, T. C.; Henne, D. R. Komondor guard dogs reduce sheep losses to coyotes: a preliminary evaluation. J. Range Manage.; 1979. 32(3): 238-241.

Little, C. C. Coat color genes in rodents and carnivores. Quarterly Review of Biology; 1958. 33(2): 103-105,116-117,123.

Little, L. Mother wolf carries food twelve miles to her young Journal of Mammalogy; May 1934. 15(2): 158.

Llewellyn, L. Who speaks for the timber wolf? 43rd N. Am. Wildlife Conference; 1978. 43: 442-452.

Lockwood, R. An ethological analysis of social structure and affiliation in captive wolves Washington University, Thesis; 1976.

Loether, R. An analysis of the foraging strategy of three species of wild canidae. Utah State University, M.S. Thesis; 1978.

Loizos, C. Play in mammals. Zoological Society of London Symposium; 1966. 18: 1-9.

Longman, H. A. Note on the dingo, the Indian wild dog and a Papuan dog. Memoirs Queensland Museum; 1928. 9: 151-157.

Lowe, D. W.; Matthews, J. R.; Moseley, C. J. GRAY WOLF, Canis lupus. The Official World Wildlife Fund Guide To Endangered Species of North America; 1990. WR220: 444-447.

Luttich, S. Summary of the status of wolves in Newfoundland and Labrador. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 126

Lyle, R. Lobo. BBC Wildlife; 1986. 4(3): 129-133.

MacDonald, D. W. The ecology of carnivore social behavior. Nature; 1983. 301: 379-384.

MacDonald, K. Stability of individual differences in behavior in a litter of wolf cubs (Canis lupus) J. Comp. Psychol.; 1983. 97(2): 99-106.

MacDonald, K. B. Activity patterns in a captive wolf pack. Carnivore; 1980. 3(1): 62-64.

MacDonald, K. B. Two experiments in behavioral developments in wolves: I. Induction of normal prepubertal behavior in isolate reared wolves. II. Development and stability of personalty characteristics in wolves. Univ. Conn. Dept. of Biobehavioral Sci., Ph.D. Thesis; 1980.

MacDonald, K. B.; Ginsburg, B. E. Induction of normal prepubertal behavior in wolves with restricted rearing. Beh. Neur. Biol.; 1981. 33(2): 133-162.

Macfie, J. Replenishing the Larder in the Killbear Deer Yard Ontario Fish and Wildlife Review; 1967. 6(3-4).

Machinskii, A. P. Epidemiology of Trichinellosis in the Mordovian ASSR. [in Russian] Meditsinskaia Parazitologiia I Parazitarnye Bolezni; 1966. 35: 373-374.

Machinskii, A. P.; Semov, V. N. Trichinosis of wild animals in Mordovia. [in Russian] Meditsinskaia Parazitologiia I Parazitarnye Bolezni; 1971. 40: 532-534.

Macnab, J. Carrying capacity and related slippery shibboleths Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1985. 13: 403-410.

Mahan, B. R. Occurrence of melanistic canids in Nebraska. Nebraska Acad. Sci. Trans.; 1978. 5: 121-122.

Makridin, V. P. The wolf in the Yamal north. Zool. Zh.; 1962. 41: 1413-1417.

Malcolm, J. R. Paternal care in canids. Am. Zool.; 1985. 25(3): 853-856.

Mall, J. J. Ostracism in a captive wolf pack University of Missouri-Kansas City, Thesis; 1980.

Mallon, D. P. Status and conservation of large mammals in Ladakh Biol. Conserv.; 1991. 56(1): 101-109.

Mamedov, M. M. Spread of Alveococcosis in people in the Vilyuisk and in animals in the Nizhne-Kolymsk districts of the Yakutsk. [In Russian, English Summ.] Meditsinskaia Parazitologiia I Parazitarnye Bolezni; 1969. 38: 697-700.

Mandelbaum, D. G. Wolf-child histories from India. J. Soc. Psychol.; 1943. 17: 25-44.

Marhenke, P. An observation of four wolves killing another wolf. J. Mamm.; 1971. 52: 630-631.

Marshall, W. H. An Age Determination Method for the Pine Marten The Journal of Wildlife Management; 15(3).

Marshall, W. H. Note on Missing Teeth in Martes Americana Journal of Mammalogy: 1952. 33(1).

Marshall, W. H. Pine Marten as a Forest Product Journal of Forestry; 1951. 49(12).

Marshall, W. H.; Gullion, G. W. A Discussion of Ruffed Grouse Populations Transactions of the VIth Congress; 1963.

Martin, F. W. Woodcock Age and Sex Determination from Wings The Journal of Wildlife Management; 1964. 28(2).

Mathews, N. E.; Porter, W. F. MATERNAL DEFENSE BEHAVIOR IN WHITE-TAILED DEER: A TEST OF HYPOTHESES Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. (Suppl.); 1990. 71(2): 241. (Abstract only.)

Matthew, W. D. The phylogeny of dogs. J. Mamm.; 1930. 11: 117-138.

Mattson, U.; Ream, R. R. The current status of the gray wolf (*Canis lupus) in the Rocky Mountain Front. Wolf Ecology Project, University of Montana, Missoula; 1978.

Mattson, U.; Ream, R. R. Wolf ecology project report. Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT; 1980.

McAdoo, J. K.; Klebenow. D. A. Predation on range sheep with no predator control. J. Range Man.; 1978. 31(2): 111-114.

McBride, R. T. The Mexican Wolf (*Canis lupus baileyi): A Historical Review and Observations on its Status and Distribution. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv. Rept. Endangered Species Report 8; 1980.

McCarley, H. The mammals of eastern Texas. Texas J. Sci.; 1959. 385-416.

McCarley, H. The taxonomic status of wild *Canis (Canidae) in the south central United States. S. W. Naturalist.; 1962. 7(3-4): 227-235.

McCarley, H. Vocalization in wild red wolves and coyotes. Natl. Geogr. Soc. Res. Report' 1982. 14: 451-456.

McCarley, H. Vocalizations of red wolves (*Canis rufus). J. Mamm.; 1978. 59(1): 27-35.

McCarley, H.; Carley, C. J. Recent changes in distribution and status of wild red wolves (*Canis rufus). U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv. Endangered Species Rep. no. 4; 1979.

McCullough, D. R. The probable affinities of a wolf captured near Woodlake, California. Calif Fish and Game; 1967. 53: 146-153.

McDonald, S. E.; Raymond, P. K. Treatment of subgingival fractures in canine teeth. Annu. Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet.; 1983. 1983: 28-33.

McGinley, M. A. The adaptive value of male-biesed sex-ratios among stressed animals. Am. Nat.; 1984. 124: 597-599.

McLean, D. D. Mountain Lion in California California Fish and Game; 1954. 40(2).

McLeod, P. J Infanticide by female wolves Can. J. Zool.; 1990. 68(2): 402-404.

McLeod, P. J.; Fentress, J. C. Aggressiveness as a possible determinant of developmental changes in the responsiveness of timber wolf pups to their partners during social interactions Aggressive Behav.; 1991. 17(2): 107-108.

McLeod, P. J.; Fentress, J. C.; Ryon, J. Patterns of aggression within a captive timber wolf pack (Abstract) Aggressive Behav.; 1991. 17(2): 84.

McNamee, T. Trouble in wolf heaven Audubon Magazine; Jan. 1982. 84-95.

McNaught, D. A. Park visitors' attitudes towards wolf recovery in Yellowstone National Park. Univ. Mont., Missoula, M.S. Thesis; 1985.

McNaught, D. A. Wolves in Yellowstone National Park?--park visitors respond. Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1987. 15(4): 518-521.

McNeill, M. A.; Rau, M. E.; Messier, F. Helminths of wolves (Canis lupus L.) from southwestern Quebec Can. J. Zool.; 1984. 62(8): 1659-1660.

McRoberts, R. E.; Mech, L. D.; Peterson, R. O. The cumulative effect of a consecutive winters' snow depth on moose and deer populations: a defence J. Animal Ecology; 1995. 64: 131-135.

Mech, L. D. A critical evaluation of the concept of home range Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am.; 1965. 46: 121. (Abstract)

Mech, L. D. A decade of data from a single wolf End. Sp. Tech. Bull.; Dec 1981. 4.

Mech, L. D. A distant perspective on the future of Americans outdoors Rep. of the Presidents Commission on Americans Outdoors; 1986.

Mech, L. D. A new profile for the wolf Natural History; 1974. 83(4): 26-31.

Mech, L. D. A Plan for the Management of the Timber Wolf on the Superior National Forest of Minnesota Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife; June 1972.

Mech, L. D. A recovery plan for the eastern timber wolf The Environmental Journal; January 1977. 17-21.

Mech, L. D. Age, sex, reproduction, and spacial organization of lynxes colonizing northeastern Minnesota J. Mamm.; 1980. 61(2): 261-267.

Mech, L. D. Buffer zones of territories of gray wolves as regions of intraspecific strife J. Mamm.; 1994. 75(1): 199-202.

Mech, L. D. Canadian lynx invasion of Minnesota Biological Conservation; April 1973. 5(2): 151-152.

Mech, L. D. Canis lupus Mammalian Species; 2 May 1974. 37: 1-6.

Mech, L. D. Construction of the International Wolf Center begins Endangered Species Technical Bulletin; 1992. 17(9-11): 11.

Mech, L. D. Current techniques in the study of elusive wilderness carnivores Proc. XIth Int. Cong. Game Biol.; 1974. 315-322.

Mech, L. D. Daytime activity of wolves during winter in northeastern Minnesota J. Mammal.; 1992. 73(3): 570-571.

Mech, L. D. Details of a confrontation between two wild wolves Can. J. Zool.; 1993. 71: 1900-1903.

Mech, L. D. Disproportionate sex ratios of wolf pups J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1975. 39(4): 737-740.

Mech, L. D. Eastern timber wolf recovery progress in the Lake Superior Region Endangered Species Technical Bulletin; 1993. 18(1): 3.

Mech, L. D. How delicate is the balance of nature? Natl. Wildl.; Feb-Mar 1985. 23(2): 54-59.

Mech, L. D. Hunting behavior of timber wolves in Minnesota J. Mammal.; 1966. 47(2): 347-348.

Mech, L. D. Longevity in wild wolves J. Mamm.; 1988. 69(1): 197-198.

Mech, L. D. Neonatal wolves more resistant to weather than previously thought U.S.F.W.S. Research Information Bull.; 1992. 18.

Mech, L. D. Productivity, mortality and population trend of wolves in northeastern Minnesota J. Mammal.; 1977. 58(4): 559-574.

Mech, L. D. Record movement of a Canadian lynx J. Mammal.; 1977. 58(4): 676-677.

Mech, L. D. Regular and homeward travel speeds of arctic wolves J. Mamm.; 1994. 74(3): 741-742.

Mech, L. D. Resistance of young wolf pups to inclement weather J. Mamm.; 1993. 74(2): 485-486.

Mech, L. D. Review of L. N. Carbyn's "Wolves, Bison, and the Dynamics Related to the Peace-Athabasca Delta in Canada's Wood Buffalo National Park" J. Wildl. Manage.; 1995. 59(1): 189-190.

Mech, L. D. Review of P. L. Errington's "Of Predation and Life." J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1968. 32: 648-649.

Mech, L. D. Review of R. F. Dasmann's text "Wildlife Biology." J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1966. 30: 641-642.

Mech, L. D. Review of R. J. Rutter and D. H. Pimlott's "The World of the Wolf." J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1968. 32: 649-650.

Mech, L. D. Review of "The Ecology of the Timber Wolf in Algonquin Provincial Park." J. Mammal.; 1970. 51: 645.

Mech, L. D. Review of "Wolves, bison and the dynamics related to the Peace-Athabasca Delta in Canada's Wood Buffalo National Park." J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1995. 59(1): 189-190.

Mech, L. D. Sodium pentobarbital as an anesthetic for raccoons J. Mammal.; 1965. 46: 343-344.

Mech, L. D Spacing and possible mechanisms of population regulation in wolves Am. Zool.; 1972. 12(4): 642.

Mech, L. D. Spacing in a wolf population Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am.; 1972. 53(2): 19. (Abstract)

Mech, L. D. Stubborn hunter in a harsh land Ntl. Wildl.; Aug-Sep 1989. 20-24.

Mech, L. D. Telemetry as a technique in the study of predation. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1967. 31: 492-496.

Mech, L. D. Testing the Wildlink capture collar on wild wolves U.S.F.W.S. Research Information Bull.; 1992. 18.

Mech, L. D. The challenge and opportunity of recovering wolf populations Consv. Biol.; 1995. 9(2): 270-278.

Mech, L. D. The Eastern Timber Wolf American Forests; 1974. 80(9): 46-47.

Mech, L. D. The ecology of the timber wolf (*Canis lupus Linnaeus) in Isle Royale National Park. Purdue University, Agr. Ex. Sta., Ph.D Thesis; 1962.

Mech, L. D. The howling. Dealing with the wolf boom Earthwatch; Nov/Dec 1994. 24-31.

Mech, L. D. The tragedy of the wolf 1970 progress report World Wildlife Fund IWC; 1971.

Mech, L. D. What fate for Minnesota's wolves? Audubon; November 1970. 72(6): 78-81.

Mech, L. D. Where the wolves are and how they stand Nat Hist.; April 1971. 26-29.

Mech, L. D. Who's afraid of the big bad wolf? Audubon; March 1990. 92(2): 82-85.

Mech, L. D. Why some deer are safe from wolves Nat. Hist.; Jan 1979. 70-77.

Mech, L. D. Wolf numbers in the Superior National Forest of Minnesota. USDA For. Serv. Res. Paper; 1973. 1-10.

Mech, L. D. Wolf population in the central Superior National Forest, 1967-1985 USDA Forest Service Res. Pap.; 1986.

Mech, L. D. Wolf population survival in an area of high road density Am. Midl. Nat.; 1989. 121(2): 387-389.

Mech, L. D. Wolf recovery in the Lake Superior region: a howling success for the Endangered Species Act International Wolf; 1993. 3(1): 6-7.

Mech, L. D. Wolf-pack buffer zones as prey reservoirs. Science; 1977. 198(4314): 320-321.

Mech, L. D.; Brander, R. B. Integrated wildlife research in the Superior National Forest Naturalist; 1973. 24(4): 13-15.

Mech, L. D.; Chapman, R. C.; Cochran, W. W.; Simmons, L.; Seal, U. S. A Radio-triggered anesthetic-dart collar for recapturing large mammals Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1984. 12(1): 69-74.

Mech, L. D.; DelGiudice, G. D. Limitations of the marrow-fat technique as an indicator of body condition Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1985. 13(2): 204-206.

Mech, L. D.; DelGiudice, G. D.; Karns, P. D.; Seal, U. S. Yohimbine hydrochloride as an antagonist to xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine immobilization of white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Dis.; 1985. 21(4): 405-410.

Mech, L. D.; Frenzel Jr., L. D. An analysis of the age, sex, and condition of deer killed by wolves in northeastern Minnesota. In Mech, L. D.; Frenzel, L. D. Jr. eds. Ecological studies of the timber wolf in northeastern Minnesota. USDA, For. Serv. Res. Pap.; 1971. NC-52: 1-35.

Mech, L. D.; Frenzel Jr., L. D. Ecological studies of the timber wolf in northeastern Minnesota USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap.; 1971.

Mech, L. D.; Frenzel Jr., L. D.; Karns, P. D.; Kuehn, D. W. Mandibular dental anomalies in white-tailed deer from Minnesota J. Mammal.; 1970. 51: 804-806.

Mech, L. D.; Frenzel Jr., L. D.; Ream, R. R.; Winship, J. W. Movements, behavior, and ecology of timber wolves in northeastern Minnesota. In Mech, L. D.; Frenzel, L. D. Jr. eds. Ecological studies of the timber wolf in northeastern Minnesota USDA, For. Serv., N. Cent. For. Exp. Sta., Res. Pap.; 1971. NC-52: 35-51.

Mech, L. D.; Fritts, S. H. Parvovirus and heartworm found in Minnesota wolves Endangered Species Technical Bulletin; 1987. 12(5-6): 5-6.

Mech, L. D.; Fritts, S. H.; Paul, W. J. Relationship between winter severity and wolf depredations on domestic animals in Minnesota Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1988. 16(3): 269-272.

Mech, L. D.; Fritts, S. H.; Radde, G. L.; Paul, W. J. Wolf distribution and road density in Minnesota Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1988. 16(1): 85-87.

Mech, L. D.; Fritts, S. H.; Wagner, D. Minnesota wolf dispersal to Wisconsin and Michigan Am. Midl. Nat.; 1995. 133(2): 368-370.

Mech, L. D.; Gese, E. M. Field testing the Wildlink Capture Collar on wolves Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1992. 20(2): 221-223.

Mech, L. D.; Goyal, S. M. Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival J. Wildl. Dis.; 1993. 29(2): 330-333.

Mech, L. D.; Goyal, S. M. Effects of canine parvovirus on gray wolves in Minnesota Journal of Wildlife Management; 1995. 59(3): 565-570.

Mech, L. D.; Goyal, S. M.; Bota, C. N.; Seal, U. S. Canine parvovirus infection in wolves (Canis Lupus) from Minnesota J. Wildl. Dis.; 1986. 22(1): 104-106.

Mech, L. D.; Hertel, H. H. An eight year demography of a Minnesota wolf pack Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 249-250.

Mech, L. D.; Karns, P. D. Role of the wolf in a deer decline in the Superior National Forest USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap.; 1977. 1-23.

Mech, L. D.; Knick, S. T. Sleeping distance in wolf pairs in relation to the breeding season Behav. Biol.; 1978. 23: 521-525.

Mech, L. D.; Korb, M. An unusually long pursuit of a deer by a wolf J. Mamm.; 1978. 59(4): 860-861.

Mech, L. D.; Kuechle, V. B.; Warner, D. W.; Tester, J. R. A collar for attaching radio transmitters to rabbits, hares, and raccoons J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1965. 29: 898-902.

Mech, L. D.; Kunkel, K. E.; Chapman, R. C.; Kreeger, T. J. Field testing of commercially manufactured capture collars on white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1990. 54(2): 297-299.

Mech, L. D.; McRoberts, R. E. Relationship between age and mass among female white-tailed deer during winter and spring J. Mamm.; 1990. 71(4): 686-689.

Mech, L. D.; McRoberts, R. E. Survival of white-tailed deer fawns in relation to maternal age J. Mamm.; 1990. 71(3): 465-467.

Mech, L. D.; McRoberts, R. E.; Peterson, R. O.; Page, R. E. Relationship of deer and moose populations to previous winters' snow J. Animal Ecol.; 1987. 56: 615-627.

Mech, L. D.; Meier, T. J.; Burch, J. W. Denali park wolf studies: implications for Yellowstone Trans. 56th N. Am. Wildl. & Nat. Res. Conf.; 1991. 56: 86-90.

Mech, L. D.; Meier, T. J.; Seal, U. S. Wolf nipple measurements as indices of age and breeding status The American Midland Naturalist; 1993. 129(2): 266-271.

Mech, L. D.; Nelson, M. E. Evidence of prey-caused mortality in three wolves The American Midland Naturalist; 1990. 123(1): 207-208.

Mech, L. D.; Nelson, M. E. Non-family wolf, (Canis lupus), packs Can. Field-Nat.; 1990. 104(3): 482-483.

Mech, L. D.; Nelson, M. E. Polygyny in a wild wolf pack J. Mamm.; 1989. 70(3): 675-676.

Mech, L. D.; Nelson, M. E.; Drabik, H. F. Reoccurrence of caribou in Minnesota The American Midland Naturalist; 1982. 108(1): 206-208.

Mech, L. D; Nelson, M. E.; McRoberts, R. E. Effects of maternal and grandmaternal nutrition on deer mass and vulnerability to wolf predation Journal of Mammalogy; 1991. 72(1): 146-151.

Mech, L. D.; Nowak, R. M. Return of the gray wolf to Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat.; 1981. 105(2): 408-409.

Mech, L. D.; Packard, J. M. Possible use of wolf (Canis lupus) den over several centuries Can. Field-Nat.; 1990. 104(3): 484-485.

Mech, L. D.; Rogers, L. L. Status, distribution and movements of martens in northeastern Minnesota USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap.; 1977. 1-7.

Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Premature reproductive activity in wild wolves J. Mamm.; 1987. 68(4): 871-873.

Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S.; Arthur, S. M. Recuperation of a severely debilitated wolf J. Wildl. Dis.; 1984. 20(2): 166-168.

Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S.; DelGiudice, G. D. Use of urine in the snow to indicate condition of wolves J. Wildl. Manage.; 1987. 51(1): 10-13.

Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S.; DelGuidice, G. D. Use of Tooth Cementum for Age Determination of Gray Wolves Journal of Wildlife Management; April 1985. 49(2): 313-316.

Mech, L. D.; Tester, J. W.; Warner, D. W. Fall daytime resting habits of raccoons as determined by telemetry J. Mammal.; 1966. 47: 450-466.

Mech, L. D.; Thiel, R. P.; Fritts, S. H.; Berg, W. E. Presence and effects of dog louse Trichodectes canis (Mallophaga, Trichodectidae) on wolves and coyotes from Minnesota and Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat.; 1985. 114(2): 404-405.

Medjo, D. C.; Mech, L. D. Reproductive activity in nine and ten month old wolves J. Mamm.; 1976. 57(2): 406-408.

Medred, C. Advancing Civilization Almost Ensures Demise of Wolf Anchorage (Alaska) Daily News; March 26, 1985. 2-4.

Melchiors, M. A.; Leslie, C. A. Effectiveness of predator fecal odors as black-tailed deer repellents. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1985. 49(2): 358-362.

Mendelssohn, H. Conservation of the wolf in Israel. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 281-282.

Mendelssohn, H. Status of the wolf in the middle east. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 279-280.

Mengel, R. M. A study of dog-coyote hybrids and implications concerning hybridization in Canis. J. Mamm.; 1971. 52(2): 316-336.

Meriam, H. R. Big game investigations. Sitka black-tailed deer Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1968.

Meriggi, A.; Rosa, P.; Brangi, A.; Matteucci, C. Habitat use and diet of the wolf in northern Italy Acta Theriol.; 1991. 36(1-2): 141-151.

Merriam, H. R. The wolves of Coronation Island. Proc. Alaska Sci. Conf.; 1964. 15: 27-32.

Mertl-Millhollen, A. S.; Goodmann, P. A.; Klinghammer, E. Wolf scent marking with raised-leg urination. Zoo Biol.; 1986. 5(1): 7-20.

Messier, F. Physical condition and blood physiology of wolves in relation to moose density Can. J. Zool.; 1987. 65: 91-95.

Messier, F. Social organization, spatial distribution, and population density of wolves in relation to moose density Canadian Journal of Zoology; 1985. 63(5): 1068-1077.

Messier, F. Solitary living and extraterritorial movements of wolves in relation to social status and prey abundance Can. J. Zool.; 1985. 63(2): 239-245.

Messier, F. The significance of limiting and regulating factors on the demography of moose and white-tailed deer J. Anim. Ecol.; 1991. 60(2): 377-393.

Messier, F. Towards understanding the relationship between wolf predation and moose density in southwestern Quebec. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 13-25.

Messier, F. Trophic interactions in two northern wolf-ungulate systems Wildl. Res.; 1995. 22: 131-146.

Messier, F. Ungulate population models with predation: a case study with the North American moose Ecology; 1994. 75(2): 478-488.

Messier, F.; Barrette, C. Etude de la predation du cerf de virginie par le coyote dans le ravage d'armstrong, beauce sud

Messier, F.; Barrette, C. The efficiency of yarding behavior by white-tailed deer as an antipredator strategy Can. J. Zool.; 1985. 63: 785-789.

Messier, F.; Crete, M. Body condition and population regulation by food resources in moose. Oecologia; 1984. 61(1): 44-50.

Messier, F.; Crete, M. Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose populations Oecologia; 1985. 65: 503-512.

Messier, F.; Crete, M. Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose populations University of British Columbia, Thesis; 1984.

Messier, F.; Huot, J.; Le Henaff, D; Luttich, S. Demography of the George River Caribou Herd: Evidence of population regulation by forage exploitation and range expansion Arctic; 1988. 41(4): 279-287.

Messier, F.; Rau, M. E.; McNeill, M. A. Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda: Taeniidae) infections and moose-wolf population dynamics in southwestern Quebec Canadian Journal of Zoology; 1989. 67(1): 216-219.

Miles, J. C. The Ninemile Wolves (Book Review) The Amicus Journal; 1993. 14(4): 45-46.

Miller, F. L. Interactions between men, dogs and wolves on western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada Musk-Ox; 1978. 22: 70-72.

Miller, F. L. Wolf-related caribou mortality on a calving ground in north-central Canada. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 100-101.

Miller, F L.; Broughton, E. Behaviour associated with mortality and stress in maternal-filial pairs of barren-ground caribou The Canadian Field-Naturalist; January-March 1973. 87(1): 21-25.

Miller, F. L.; Broughton, E. Calf mortality on the calving ground of Kaminuriak caribou, during 1970. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1974. 26,

Miller, F. L.; Broughton, E.; Gunn, A. Mortality of newborn migratory barren-ground caribou calves, Northwest Territories, Canada. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 175: 155-156.

Miller, F. L.; Gunn, A.; Broughton, E. Surplus killing as exemplified by wolf predation on newborn caribou. Can. J. Zool.; 1985. 63(2): 295-300.

Miller, F. L.; Russell, R. H. Unreliability of strip aerial surveys for estimating numbers of wolves in western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories. Can. Field-Nat.; 1977. 91(1): 77-81.

Miller, G. A study of cuts, grooves, and other marks on recent and fossil bone. I: animal tooth mark. Tebiwa; 1969. 12(1): 20-26.

Miller, G. S. The names of two North American wolves. Proc. of the Biological Soc. of Washington; 1912. 25: 93-96.

Miller, S. D.; Ballard, W. B. Analysis of an effort to increase moose calf survivorship by increased hunting of brown bears in south-central Alaska Wildlife Society Bulletin; 1992. 20(4): 445-454.

Miller, S. D.; Ballard, W. B. Density and biomass estimates for an interior Alaskan brown bear (Ursus arctos) population Can. Field Nat.; 1982. 96(4): 448-454.

Ministry of Natural Resources Wolves and coyotes in Ontario. Min. of Nat. Resour., Div. Fish & Wildl., Ontario, Canada; 1974.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources The 1980 wolf management plan 1980.

Mitsuzuka, M. Semen collection, evaluation and freezing in the captive Canadian timber wolf (*Canis lupus canadensis). Texas A&M University, MS Thesis; 1980.

Mituch, J. Prispevok k poznaniu helmintofauny vlka obycajneho euroazijskeho *Canis lupus L. v CSSR. Csl. parasitologie; 1963. 10.

Moore, T. D.; Spence, L. E.; Dungnole, C. E. Identification of the dorsal guard hairs of some mammals of Wyoming. Wyo. Fish and Game Dept.-Cheyenne; 1974. Bulletin 14.

Moore, T. D.; Walker, D. N.; Fisher, R. A. Wolves, dogs and hybrids: law inforcement problems in Wyoming.

Moran, G. Long-term patterns of agonistic interactions in a captive group of wolves. Anim. Behav.; 1982. 30: 75-83.

Moran, G. The structure in supplanting interactions in the wolf. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Dalhousie University, Ph.D. Thesis; 1977.

Moran, G.; Fentress, J. C.; Golani, I. A description of relational patterns of movement during ` ritualized fighting' in wolves. Anim. Behav.; 1981. 29(4): 1146-1165.

Morley, J. E.; Levine, A. S.; Hertel, H.; Tandeski, T.; et. al. The effect of peripheral administration of peptides on food intake, glucose and insulin in wolf pups. Peptides; 1986. 7: 969-972.

Morley, J. E.; Levine, A. S.; Plotka, E. K.; Seal. U. S. The effect of naloxone on feeding and spontaneous locomotion in the wolf. Physiol. Beh.; 1983. 30: 331-334.

Morley, J. E.; Levine, A. S.; Tandeski, T.; Hertel, H.; Seal, U. S. Effect of bombesin cholecystokinin calcitonin and glucagon on consummatory behaviors of wolf pups. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.; 1985. 11(1): 36.

Morse, M. A. A Local Study of Predation Upon Hares and Grouse During the Cyclic Decimation J. Wildl. Manage.; 1939. 3(3).

Morse, M. A. Big Game in Minnesota The Conservation Volunteer; 1941.

Morse, M. A. Technique for Reducing Man-Power in the Deer Drive Census J. Wildl. Manage.; 1943. 7(2).

Morse, M. A.; Highby, P. The Status of Minnesota Deer Conservation Volunteer; 1942.

Morton, E. S. On the occurrence and significance of motivations-structural rules in some bird and mammal sounds. Am. Nat.; 1977. 111: 855-869.

Mottl, M. Canid remains near Jagsthausen and Karstadt. [In German] Palaeontologische Zeitschrift; 1941. 22: 310-321. [In German]

Moulton, D. G.; Ashton, E. H.; Eayrs, J. T. Studies in olfactory acuity. 4. Relative detectability of n-aliphatic acids by the dog Anim. Behav.; 1960. 8 (3-4): 117-128.

Muller-Using, D.; Wolfe, M.; Kinghammer, E. The Wolf Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Mammals ; 1972. 3: 199-209.

Muneer, M. E.; Farah, I. O.; Pomeroy, K. A.; Goyal, S. M.; Mech, L. D. Detection of parvoviruses in wolf feces by electron microscopy J. Wildl. Dis.; 1988. 24(1): 170-172.

Munro, J. A. Observations of Birds and Mammals in Central British Columbia. Occasional Papers of the British Columbia Provincial Museum; 1974. 6.

Munthe, K.; Hutchison, J. H. A wolf-human encounter on Ellesmere Island, Canada. J. Mamm.; 1978. 59(4): 876-878.

Murai, E.; Sugar, L. The tapeworms of mammals in Hungary. II: Species of *Taeniidae from predatory animals -- further cases of cysticercosis and echinococcosis. Allattani Kozlemenyek; 1976. 63(1-4): 103-115.

Murdoch, W. W. Switching in general predators: experiments on predator specificity and stability of prey populations Ecological Monographs; Autumn 1969. 39(4): 335-354.

Murie, A. The Moose of Isle Royale Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. Misc. Publ.; 1934. 25.

Murie, O. J. Food Habits of the Coyote in Jackson Hole, Wyoming United State Department of Agriculture Circular; 1935. (362).

Murphy, D. A.; Coates, J. A. Effects of Dietary Protein on Deer Transactions of the Thirty-First North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conf.; 1966.

Murray, A. The wild dogs, a story of wolves in Manitoba Province of Manitoba, Dept. of Mines and Nat. Res. Cons. Ext. Branch; 1969.

Murray, B. G. On the meaning of density dependence Oecologia; 1982. 53: 370-373.

Murray, B. M.; Murray, D. F. Notes on mammals in alpine areas of the northern St. Elias Mountains, Yukon Territory and Alaska The Canadian Field-Naturalist; 1969. 83: 331-338.

Myberget, S. Den norske besta av ulv (The Norwegian Population of Wolf). Meddelelser fra statens Viltunderskelser; 1969. 32.

Naaktgeboren, C. Some aspects of parturition in wild and domestic Canidae International Zoo Yearbook; 1968. 8: 8-13.

Naess, A.; Mysterud, I. Philosophy of wolf policies I: General principles and preliminary exploration of selected norms Conservation Biology; May 1987. 1(1): 22-34.

Nazarov, A. A. Some aspects of the wolf population in the Russian SFSR. In Ecology, protection and use of predatory mammals in the Russian SFSR. [In Russian] Moscow; 1982. 47-64. [In Russian]

Neganov, V. G. The wolf and its significance as a predator in the Perm Oblast. In Biogeography and regional study. [In Russian] Perm.; 1977. 78-82. [In Russian]

Neginhal, S. G. Ecological impact of afforestation at the Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.; 1980. 75: 1254-1258.

Neiland, K. A. Further observations on rangiferine brucellosis in Alaskan carnivores. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1975. 11(1): 45-53.

Neiland, K. A. Rangiferine brucellosis in Alaskan canids J. Wildl. Dis.; 1970. 6(2): 136-139.

Neiland, K. A.; Miller, L. G. Experimental *Brucella *suis type 4 infections in domestic and wild Alaskan carnivores. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1981. 17 (2): 183-189.

Nelson, E. W.; Goldman, E. A. A new wolf from Mexico. J. Mamm.; 1929. 10(2): 165-166.

Nelson M. E. Home range location of white-tailed deer USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap.; 1979.

Nelson, M. E. Migration bearing and distance memory by translocated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Can. Field-Nat.; 1994. 108(1): 74-76.

Nelson, M. E. Natal dispersal and gene flow in white-tailed deer in northeastern Minnesota J. Mamm.; 1993. 74(2): 316-322.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. A single deer stands-off three wolves The American Midland Naturalist; 1994. 131(1): 207-208.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Deer population in the central Superior National Forest, 1967-1985. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap.; 1986.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Deer social organization and wolf depredation in northeastern Minnesota Wildlife Monographs; July 1981. No. 7: 6-53.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Dispersal in female white-tailed deer J. Mamm.; 1992. 73(4): 891-894.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Home range formation and dispersal of deer in northeastern Minnesota J. Mamm.; 1984. 65(4): 567-575.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Mortality of white-tailed deer in northeastern Minnesota J. Wildl. Manage.; 1986. 50(4): 691-698.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Observation of a swimming wolf killing a swimming deer J. Mamm.; 1984. 65(1): 143-144.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Observation of a wolf killed by a deer J. Mamm.; 1985. 66(1): 187-188.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Prey escaping wolves, Canis lupus, Despite Close Proximity The Canadian Field-Naturalist; 1993. 107(2): 245-246.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Relationship between snow depth and gray wolf predation on white-tailed deer J. Wildl. Manage.; 1986. 50(3): 471-474.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Weights, productivity, and mortality of old white-tailed deer J. Mamm.; 1990. 71(4): 689-691.

Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Wolf predation risk associated with white-tailed deer movements Can. J. Zool.; 1991. 69: 2696-2699.

Nelson, Michael E.; Mech, L. David Demes within a Northeastern Minnesota Deer Population Mammalian Dispersal Patterns; 1987; 27-40.

Nelson, U. C.; Chatelain, E. F. Completion report making investigations on the methods for control of coyotes and wolves in Alaska. Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1949. 3(3).

Newsome, A. E. Competition between wildlife and domestic stock. Australian Veterinary Journal; 1971. 47: 577-586.

Newsome, A. E.; Parer, I.; Catling, P. C. Prolonged prey suppression by carnivores - predator-removal experiments Oecologia; 1989. 89: 102-112.

Nikol'skii, A. A.; Frommol't, K. -Kh.; Bologov, V. P. Spatial-temporal features of wolf howling during the initial period of mastery of territory by pups. Soviet J. Ecol.; 1987. 17: 298-304.

Nikol'skii, A. A.; Frommolt, K. H. Automatic recording of the group howling of wolves (*Canis lupus) in experimental conditions. [In Russian with English summ.] Zool. Zh.; 1985. 64: 1089. [In Russian with English summ.]

Nikol'skii, A. A.; Frommolt, K. H. Sound activity of wolves during their breeding period. [In Russian, English summ.] 1985. 1589-1591.

Northern Rockies Natural Resource Center. Wolves: Identification, documentation, population monitoring and conservation considerations. Northern Rockies Natural Resource Center; 1990.

Nowak, R. M. A perspective on the taxonomy of wolves in North America. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 10-19.

Nowak, R. M. Report on the red wolf. Defenders of Wildlife News; 1970. 45: 82-94.

Nowak, R. M. The red wolf in Louisiana. Defenders of Wildlife News; 1967. 42(1): 60-70.

NPS Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska: general management plan/land protection plan/wilderness suitability review USDI National Park Service; 1987.

Nygren, K. Effect of the wolf on the moose population. Suomen Riista; 1981. 28: 71-78.

O'Brien, S. J.; Mayr, E. Bureaucratic mischief: recognizing endangered species and subspecies Science (Washington D.C.); 1991. 251(4998): 1187-1188.

Oaten, A.; Murdoch, W. W. Functional response, and stability in predator-prey systems Am. Nat.; 1975. 109 (967): 289-298.

Ogburn, W. F.; Bose, N. K. On the trail of the wolf-children. Genet. Psych. Mon.; 1959. 60: 117-193.

Okarma, H. Distribution and numbers of wolves in Poland. Acta Theriol.; 1989. 34(35): 497-503.

Okarma, H. Marrow fat content, sex and age of red deer killed by wolves in winter in the Carpathian Mountains Holarct. Ecol.; 1991. 14(3): 169-172.

Okarma, H. Red deer selection by wolves in southeastern Poland Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1990. 19(2): 562.

Okarma, H. Status and management of the wolf in Poland Biol. Conserv.; 1993. 66(3): 153-158.

Okarma, H. The physical condition of red deer falling prey to the wolf and lynx and harvested in the Carpathian Mountains. Acta Theriol.; 1984. 29(23): 283-290.

Okarma, H.; Koteja, P. Basal metabolic rate in the gray wolf in Poland. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1987. 51(4): 800-801.

Oldham, E. G. Buffalo count Wood Buffalo National Park, December 1946 and January 1947. Parks Canada; 1947. (Unpubl.)

Olsen, S. J. Early domestic dogs in North America and their origins. J. field Arch.; 1974. 1: 343-345.

Olsen, S. J.; Olsen, J. W. The Chinese wolf, ancestor of New World dogs. Science; 1977. 196: 533-535.

Olsen, S. J.; Olsen, J. W. The position of *Canis lupus variabilis, from Zhoukoudian, in the ancestral lineage of the domestic dog, *Canis familiaris. Vertegrata Palasiat; 1982. 20: -267.

Olson, S. F. A study in predatory relationship with particular reference to the wolf. Sci. Monthly; 1938. 46: 323-336.

Olson, S. F. Organization and range of the pack. Ecology; 1938. 19 (1): 168-170.

Omand, D. N. The bounty system in Ontario J. Wildl. Manage.; 1950. 14(4): 425-434.

Ontario Department of Lands and Forests Wolves and Coyotes in Ontario. 1969.

Oosenbrug, S.; Carbyn, L. N. Wolf predation on bison in Wood Buffalo National Park. CWS report for Parks Canada; 1984.

Oosenbrug, S.; Carbyn, L. N.; Anions, D. Wood Buffalo National Park - Wolf/bison studies Canadian Wildlife Service, Western and Northern Region; 1981. 3.

Oosenbrug, S.; Carbyn, L. N.; West, D. Wood Buffalo National Park - Wolf/bison studies Canadian Wildlife Service, Western and Northern Region; 1980. 1.

Oosenbrug, S.; Carbyn, L. N.; West, D. Wood Buffalo National Park - Wolf/bison studies Canadian Wildlife Service, Western and Northern Region; 1980. 2.

Osborn, D. J. Age Classes, Reproduction, and Sex Ratios of Wyoming Beaver Journal of Mammalogy; 1953. 34(1).

Osborn, D. J. Techniques of Sexing Beaver, Castor Canadensis Journal of Mammalogy; 1955. 36(1).

Ossent, P.; Mettler, F.; Isenbugel, E. Retained cartilage in the ulnar metaphysis with deformation of the forelegs in two litters of captive wolves. Zentralbl. Veterinaermed. Reihe A; 1984. 31: 241-250.

Osterhoff, D. R. The history of domestication. S. Afr. Tydskr. Natuurwet tegnol; 1984. 3(4): 207-215.

Owesen, A. W. Is the wolf to survive in Norway? [Norwegian] Fauna, Oslo; 1983. 36(1): 36-37.

Packard, J. M. Deferred reproduction in wolves (*Canis lupus). Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota, Ph.D. Thesis; 1980.

Packard, J. M., Mech, L. D.; Ream, R. R. Weaning in an arctic wolf pack: behavioral mechanisms Can. J. Zool.; 1992. 70(7): 1269-1275. [In English with French summ.]

Packard, J. M., Seal, U. S., Mech, L. D.; Plotka, E. D. Causes of reproductive failure in two family groups of wolves (Canis lupus) Z. Tierpsych.; 1985. 68 (1): 24-40.

Packer, C.; Ruttan, L. The evolution of cooperative hunting Am. Nat.; August 1988. 132(2): 159-198.

Page, R. Impacts of wolf predation on Isle Royale moose populations. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 43-56.

Page, R. E. The inverted pyramid: ecosystem dynamics of wolves and moose on Isle Royale Mich. Technol. Univ., Ph.D. Thesis; 1989.

Painter, S. L. An observational study on the social behavior of two captive female juvenile gray wolves, Canis lupus J. Pa. Acad. Sci. (Suppl.); 1991. 64: 202. (Abstract only.)

Papageorgiou, N.; Vlachos, C.; Sfougaris, A.; Tsachalidis, E. Status and diet of wolves in Greece Acta Theriologica; 1994. 39(4): 411-416.

Paquet, P. C. Prey use strategies of sympatric wolves and coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba J. Mamm.; 1992. 73(2): 337-343.

Paquet, P. C Scent-marking behavior of sympatric wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans) in Riding Mountain National Park Can. J. Zool.; 1991. 69(7): 1721-1727. [In English with French summ.]

Paquet, P. C Winter spatial relationships of wolves and coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba J. Mamm.; 1991. 72(2): 397-401.

Paquet, P. C.; Carbyn, L. N. Wolves, *Canis lupus, killing denning black bears, *Ursus americanus, in the Riding Mountain National Park area Can. Field-Nat.; 1986. 100(3): 371-372.

Paradiso, J. L. Canids recently collected in east Texas, with comments on the taxonomy of the red wolf (Notes and Discussion) Amer. Midl. Nat.; October 1968. 80(2): 529-534.

Paradiso, J. L. Recent records of red wolves from the Gulf Coast of Texas. S. W. Naturalist; 1965. 10: 318-319.

Paradiso, J. L.; Nowak, R. M. A report on the taxonomic status and distribution of the red wolf. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildl. Serv. Wash., D.C. Spec. Sci. Rept.; 1971. 145.

Paradiso, J. L.; Nowak, R. M. *Canis rufus. No. 22. Mammalian Species Series of the American Society of Mammologists; 1964.

Paradiso, J. L.; Nowak, R. M. New data on the red wolf in Alabama J. Mamm.; 1973. 54: 506-509.

Paradiso, J. L.; Schierbaum, D. Recent wolf record from New York J. Mamm.; 1969. 50.

Parker, G.; Luttich, S. Characteristics of the wolf (Canis lupus labradorius Goldman) in northern Quebec and Labrador. Arctic; 1986. 39(2): 145-149.

Parker, G. R. Biology of the Kaminuriak population of barren-ground caribou. Part I. Total numbers, mortality, recruitment, and seasonal distribution. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1972. 20.

Parker, G. R. Distribution and densities of wolves within barren-ground caribou range in northern mainland Canada J. Mamm.; 1973. 54: 341-348.

Parker, G. R.; Maxwell, J. W. Identification of Pups and Yearling Wolves by Dentine Width in the Canine Arctic; 1986. 39(2): 180-181.

Parker, W. T. A technical proposal to reestablish the red wolf on Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Asheville, NC; 1986.

Parker, W. T., Phillips, M. K. Application of the experimental population designation to recovery of endangered Red Wolves. Wildlife Society Bulletin; Spring 1991. 19(1): 73-79.

Parker, W. T.; Smith, R.; Foose, T.; Seal, U. S. Red Wolf Canis Rufus Recovery Plan, Draft U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oct 1989.

Parks, J. J.; Barnes, J. W. Notes on the Family Leptinidae Including a New Record of Leptinillus Validus (Horn) in North America (Coleoptera) Annals of the Entomological Society of America; 1955. 48(5).

Parsell, J. The elk problem in the Selway Univ. Idaho Bull.; 1938. 33(22): 23-25.

Parsons, D. R.; Nicholopoulos, J. E. Status of the Mexican Wolf (Canis Lupus baileyi) Recovery Program in the United States (Abstract).

Pasitchniak-Arts, M.; Taylor, M. E.; Mech, L. D. Note on Skeletal injuries in an adult arctic wolf Arctic and alpine research; 1988. 20(3): 363-365.

Patalano, M.; Lovari, S. Food habits and trophic niche overlap of the wolf and the red fox in a Mediterranean mountain area Rev. Ecol. Terre Vie.; 1993. 48(3): 279-294.

Pavlov, M. P. The Wolf. Lesnaya Promyshlennost', Moscow; 1982. [In Russian]

Pech, R. P.; Sinclair, A. R. E.; Newsome, A. E.; Catling, P. C. Limits to predator regulation of rabbits in Australia: evidence from predator-removal experiments Oecologia; 1992. 89: 102-112.

Pedrotti, F. La riserva naturale di Torricchio 1977 al 1981. Ricerche Riserva Nat. Torricchio; 1981. 4: 3-21

Peek, J. M. Natural regulation of ungulates (what constitutes a real wilderness?) Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1980. 8 (3): 217-227.

Peek, J. M.; Brown, D. E.; Kellert, S. R.; Mech, L. D.; Shaw, J. D.; Van Ballenberghe, V. Restoration of wolves in North America The Wildlife Society; 1991. 91-1: 1-2.

Peek, J. M.; LeResche, R. E.; Stevens, D. R. Dynamics of moose aggregations in Alaska, Minnesota, and Montana J. Mamm.; 1974. 55(1): 126-137.

Peek, J. M.; Urich, D. L.; Mackie, R. J. Moose habitat selection and relationships to forest management in northeastern Minnesota Wildl. Monogr; 1976. 48.

Peichl, L. Morphological types of ganglion cells in the dog and wolf retina J. Comp. Neurol.; 1992. 324(4): 590-602.

Peichl, L Topography of ganglion cells in the dog and wolf retina J. Comp. Neurol.; 1992. 324(4): 603-620.

Pelton, M. R.; Marcum, L. C. The potential use of radioisotopes for determining densities of black bears and other carnivores. In Phillips, R. L.; Jonkel, C. eds. Proc. 1975 Predator Symp., Mont. For. Conserv. Exp. Stn., Univ. Mont., Missoula; 1977. 221-236.

Pence, D. B.; Custer, J. W. Host-parasite relationships in the wild Canidae of North America. II. Pathology of infectious diseases in the genus *Canis. Worldwide Furbearer Conf. Proc.; 1981. 760-845.

Pence, D. B.; Custer, J. W.; Carley, C. J. Ectoparasites of wild canids from the gulf coastal prairies of Texas and Louisiana. J. Med. Entomol.; 1981. 18 (5): 409-412.

Pereira, M.; Fonseca, F.; Magalhaes, C. Wolf ecology in Portugal. CIC-Symo.Predateurs, Lisbonne 29-31; 1985. 122-167.

Pereira, M. J. R. Effects of human and wolf (Canis lupus) presence on a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population in Northeastern Portugal (Serra da Nogueira). Trans. 17.Congr.IUGB, Brussels; 1985. 2: 671-678.

Perzanowski, K.; Bobek, B.; Kosobucka, M. Coexistence of the wolf and man in Poland, a troublesome past and present status Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1991. 20(1): 394-395.

Peters, R. P. Wolf-sign: Scents and space in a wide-ranging predator. Univ. Mich., Ph.D. Thesis; 1973.

Peters, R. P.; Mech, L. D. Scent marking and territory maintenance in wolves Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am.; 1972. 53(2): 19. (Abstract)

Peters, R. P.; Mech, L. D. Scent-marking in wolves: A field study Amer. Sci.; 1975. 63(6): 628-637.

Peterson, E. K. Prolactin and seasonal reproduction in wolves. University of Minnesota, Thesis; 1984.

Peterson, E. K.; Letellier, M. A.; Parsons, J. A.; Mech, L. D.; Seal, U. S. Olfactory pedunculotomy induced anosmia in the wolf (Canis lupus) Physiol. and Behav.; 1981. 27: 543-546.

Peterson, R. L. A record of a timber wolf attacking a man J. Mamm.; 1947. 28(3): 294-295.

Peterson, R. O. Implications of long-term research on wolves and moose in Isle Royale National Park, 1958-1993 Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. (Suppl. 2); 1993. 74: 392. (Abstract only.)

Peterson, R. O. Social rejection following mating of a subordinate wolf. J. Mamm.; 1979. 60(1): 219-221.

Peterson, R. O. The role of wolf predation in a moose population decline. Symposium on National Parks Research; 1976.

Peterson, R. O. The role of wolf predation in a moose population decline. In Linn, R. M., ed. Proc. 1st Conf. Sci. Res. Natl. Parks, New Orleans, 1976. U.S. Natl. Park Serv. Proc.; 1979. 1(5): 329-333.

Peterson, R. O. Wolf and moose studies on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: 1976-80

Peterson, R. O. Wolf ecology and prey relationships on Isle Royale Purdue University; Dec 1974.

Peterson, R. O. Wolf response to increased moose vulnerability on Isle Royale. 11th N. Amer. Moose Workshop, Winnipeg; 1975.

Peterson, R. O.; Allen, D. L. Snow conditions as a parameter in moose-wolf relationships Naturaliste Canadien; 1974. 101: 481-492.

Peterson, R. O.; Allen, D. L.; Dietz, J. M. Depletion of bone marrow fat in moose and a correction for dehydration J. Wildl. Manage.; 1982. 46(2).

Peterson, R. O.; Bailey, T. N.; Wollington, J. D. Wolf management and harvest patterns on the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 96-99.

Peterson, R. O.; Morehead, J. M. Isle Royale wolves and National Park management. Proc. Second Conf. Sci. Res. Natl. Parks; 1980. 7: 269-280.

Peterson, R. O.; Page, R. E. The rise and fall of the Isle Royale wolves. J. Mamm.; 1988. 69(1): 89-99.

Peterson, R. O.; Page, R. E. Wolf-moose fluctuations at Isle Royale National Park, Michigan. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 251-253.

Peterson, R. O.; Page, R. E.; Dodge, K. M. Wolves, moose and the allometry of population cycles Science; 1984. 224(4655): 1350-1352.

Peterson, R. O.; Woolington, J. D.; Bailey, T. N. Wolves of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Wildl. Monogr. 88; April 1984.

Petraborg, W. H. Regeneration of White Cedar in Northern Swamps Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science; 1969. 36(1).

Petrides, G. A. The Determination of Sex and Age Ratios in Fur Animals The American Midland Naturalist; 1950. 43(2).

Pettigrew, S. Some public perspectives. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 143-150.

Phillips, M. K.; Henry, V. G. Comments on red wolf taxonomy Conservation Biology; December 1992. 6(4): 596-599.

Phillips, M. K.; Scheck, J. Parasitism in Captive and Reintroduced Red Wolves Journal of Wildlife Diseases; 1991. 27(3): 498-501.

Phillips, R. L.; Berg, W. E.; Siniff, D. B. Moose movement patterns and range use in northwestern Minnesota J. Wildl. Manage.; 1973. 37: 266-278.

Phillips, R. L.; Jonkel, C. Proceedings of the 1975 Predator Symposium. Univ. of Montana, Missoula, Montana For. Cons. Expt. Station; 1975.

Phillips, R. L.; Mech, L. D. Homing behavior in red fox J. Mamm.; 1970. 51: 621.

Philo, L. M. Evaluation of Xylazine for chemical restraint of captive arctic wolves. JAVMA; Nov 1978. 173(9): 1163-1166.

Phythian-Adams, E. G. Jungle memories. Part IV: Wild dogs and wolves, etc. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. J.; 1949. 48: 645-655.

Pichette, C.; Voight, D. R. A multivariate analysis of some Ontario and Quebec wolf (*Canis lupus) skulls. Bulletin Service de la faune du Quebec; 1971. 13.

Pimlott, D. H. Never Cry Wolf ( Book Review) J. Wildl. Manage.; 1966. 30(1): 236.

Pimlott, D. H. Predation and productivity of game populations in North America. Trans. of the IX International Congress of Game Biologists. Moscow; 1970. 63-73.

Pimlott, D. H. The use of tape-recorded wolf howls to locate timber wolves. 22nd Midwest Wildl. Conf.; 1960. 1-15.

Pimlott, D. H. The wolf in Europe in 1973. In Pimlott, D. H. ed., Wolves. Proceedings of the 1st working meeting of wolf specialists and of the 1st international conference on conservation of the wolf. IUCN Publications New Series (Suppl.); 1975. 43: 17-27.

Pimlott, D. H. What good is a wolf? BC Outdoors; April 1969. 32-37.

Pimlott, D. H. Wolf control in Canada. Can. Audubon Mag.; Nov-Dec 1961. 145-152.

Pimlott, D. H. Wolf predation and ungulate populations. Am. Zool.; 1967. 7: 267-278.

Pimlott, D. H. Wolves and men in North AMerica Defenders of Wildlife News; Jan/Feb/March 1967. 36-47.

Pimlott, D. H. Wolves and the wolf research program in Ontario Ontario Fish and Wildlife Review; 1961. 1(1): 1-6.

Pimlott, D. H. Wolves around the world. Nature in Focus; 1973. 15: 18-21.

Pimlott, D. H. Wolves. Proceedings of the 1st Working Meeting of Wolf Specialists and of the 1st International Conference on Conservation of the Wolf. IUCN Publications New Series (Suppl.); 1975. 43.

Pimlott, D. H.; Joslin, P. W. The status and distribution of the red wolf. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf.; 1968. 33: 373-389.

Pimlott, D. H.; Shannon, J. A.; Kolenosky, G. B. Interrelationships of wolves and deer in Algonquin Park. Transactions of the Northeast Wildlife Conference, Quebec; 1967.

Pimlott, D. H.; Shannon, J. A.; Kolenosky, G. B. The ecology of the timber wolf in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario Ont. Dep. Lands and For. Res. Rep.; 1969. 87.

Pisano, R. The status of the wolf in North America. Int. Soc. Prot. Anim. Sci.; 1977. 2.

Pizzimenti, J. J. List of karyotypes of mammals from the northern plains region (USA). Kansas Acad. Sci. Trans.; 1971. 74(1): 67-75.

Pletscher, D. H.; Ream, R. R.; Demarchi, R.; Brewster, W. G.; Bangs, E. E. Managing wolf and ungulate populations in an international ecosystem Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf.; 1991. 56: 539-549.

Pletscher, D. H.; Ream, R. R.; Fairchild, M. W.; Boyd, D. K. Wolves in the Glacier National Park area: An update Abstract for the Montana Chapter of The Wildlife Society; 1989.

Ploog, D. Social communication among animals. In Schmitt, F. O. ed., The Neurosciences: Second Study Program. Rockefeller University Press; 1970.

Plummer, P. J. G. Further note on arctic dog disease and its relationship to rabies. Can. J. Comp. Med.; 1947. 11: 330-334.

Plummer, P. J. G. Preliminary note on arctic dog disease and its relationship to rabies. Can. J. Comp. Med.; 1947. 11: 154-160.

Pocock, R. I. The races of *Canis lupus. Proc. zool. Soc. London; Sept. 1935. 3: 647-686.

Porton, I. Bush dog urine-marking: Its role in pair formation and maintance. Anim. Beh.; 1983. 31: 1061-1069

Potvin, F. Wolf movements and population dynamics in Papineau-Labelle reserve, Quebec Can. J. Zool.; 1988. 66: 1266-1273.

Potvin, F.; Breton, L.; Pilon, C.; Macquart, M. Impact of an experimental wolf reduction on beaver in Papineau-Labelle Reserve, Quebec Can. J. Zool.; 1992. 70(1): 180-183.

Potvin, F.; Jolicoeur, H.; Breton, L.; Lemieux, R. Evaluation of an experimental wolf reduction and its impact on deer in Ppaineau-Labelle Reserve, Quebec Can. J. Zool.; 1992. 70(8): 1595-1603.

Potvin, F.; Jolicoeur, H.; Huot, J Wolf diet and prey selectivity during two periods for deer in Quebec: decline versus expansion Can. J. Zool.; 1988. 66: 1274-1279.

Potzger, J. E. History of Forests in the Quetico-Superior Country from Fossil Pollen Studies Journal of Forestry; 1953.

Powell, C. B.; Powell, R. A. The predator-prey concept in elementary education Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1982. 10 (3): 238-244.

Preble, E. A A biological investigation of the Hudson Bay region North American Fauna; 1902. 22: 1-140.

Preble, E. A.; McAtee, W. L A biological survey of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska North American Fauna; 1923. 46: 1-255.

Presnall, C. C. Applied ecology of predation on livestock ranges J. Mamm.; 1948. 29(2): 155-161.

Preti, G.; et al Volatile constituents of dog (*Canis familiaris) and coyote (*Canis latrans) anal sacs J. Chem. Ecol.; 1976. 2: 177-187.

Pringle, L. P Notes on coyotes in southern New England J. Mamm.; 1960. 41 (2): 278.

Progulske, D. R.; Baskett, T. S Mobility of Missouri deer and their harassment by dog J. Wildl. Manage.; 1958. 22: 184-192.

Promberger, C Influence of scavengers on the consumption of wolves in the wild Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1991. 20(1): 396.

Promberger, C. Wolves are returning Allg. Forst Z.; 1993. 48(11): 535-537.

Pruitt Jr., W. O. A flight releaser in wolf-caribou relations J. Mamm.; 1965. 46(2): 350-351.

Pruitt Jr., W. O. Locomotor speeds of some large northern mammals J. Mamm.; 1960. 41 (1): 112.

Pruitt, Jr., W. O. The World of the Arctic Wolf What's New; 1961.

Pulliainen, E. A contribution to the study of the social behavior of the wolf Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 313-317.

Pulliainen, E Food and feeding habits of the wolf (*Canis lupus) in Finland Suomen Riista; 1963. 16: 136-150.

Pulliainen, E. Studies on the wolf (*Canis lupus L.) in Finland Ann. Zool. Fenn.; 1965. 2: 215-259.

Pulliainen, E. The appearance and behaviour of wolves in Finland during the period 1954-1962 Suomen Riista; 1962. 15: 99-129.

Pulliainen, E. The expansion mechanism of the wolf (Canis lupus) in northern Europe. In the Symposium on ecology and epidemiology of wild and feral canids in the Palearctic zone; 1984 October 9-11, Nancy, France. Rev. Ecol. Terr.; 1985. 40: 157-162.

Pulliainen, E The status, structure and behavior of populations of the wolf (Canis lupus L.) along the Finland-Soviet Union border Annales Zoologici Fennici.; 1980. 17(2): 107-112.

Pullianinen, E. Breeding Biology of the Wolverine (Gulo gulo L.) in Finland Ann. Zool. Fenn.

Pylypchuk, O. I Comparative analyses of articular facets in lumbo-sacral vertebrae articular processes for some mammals Vestnik Zool.; 1976. 9(3): 24-28. [In Russian, English summ]

Pylypchuk, O. I Functional analysis of the length of spine, lumbar, and sacral regions in certain mammals. [In Ukrainian, Russian summ.] Akad. Nauk Ursr, Kiev. Dop. Ser.B:Heol. Heof. Khim. Biol.; 1975. 37: 940-943

Pylypchuk, O. I On comparative anatomical and functional analysis of the lumbar region in certain mammals Vestnik Zool.; 1975. 8(2): 9-14. [In Russian, English summ.]

Quimby, D. C.; Gaab, J. E Mandibular dentition as an age indicator in Rocky Mountain elk J. Wildl. Manage.; 1957. 21 (4): 435-451.

Qumsiyeh, M. B.; Amr, Z. S.; Shafei, D. M. Status and conservation of carnivores in Jordan Mammalia; 1993. 57(1): 55-56. [In English with French summ.]

Rabb, G. B.; Ginsburg, B. E.; Andrews, S. Comparative studies of Canid behavior, IV. Mating behavior in relation to social structure in wolves Amer. Zool.; 1962. 2: 440.

Rabb, G. B.; Woolpy, J. H.; Ginsburg, B. E. Social relationships in a group of captive wolves Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 305-311.

Radinsky, L. Evolution of the canid brain Brain, Behavior and Evolution; 1973. 7: 169-202.

Ralls, K. Mammalian scent marking Science; 1971. 171: 443-449.

Ramsay, M. A.; Stirling, I. Interactions of wolves and polar bears in northern Manitoba J. Mamm.; 1984. 65 (4): 693-694.

Rancourt, L. M. Wild Hunters: Predators in Peril ( Book Review) National Parks; 1993. (May/June): 44.

Rassi, D.; Wirth, W Experiences with rabies vaccination Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Innere Medizin. Verhandlungen; 1975. 81: 680-682.

Rath, M. Beaverhead NF wolf reports files. 1963-1982. 1982.

Rausch, R. A. A summary of wolf studies in southcentral Alaska, 1957-1968 Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Nat. Res. Conf.; 1969. 34: 117-131.

Rausch, R. A. A summary of wolf studies in Southcentral Alaska 1957-68 Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Fairbanks; 1968. 1-33.

Rausch, R. A. Furbearer report. Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1965. 6.

Rausch, R. A. Furbearer studies. Wolf and wolverine. Wolf studies. Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1966.

Rausch, R. A. Hydatid disease in boreal regions. Arctic; 1952. 5(1): 157-174.

Rausch, R. A. Notes on the Nunamiut Eskimo and mammals of the Anaktuvuk Pass Region, Brooks Range, Alaska. Arctic; 1951. 4 (3): 147-145.

Rausch, R. A. On the land mammals of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. The Murrelet; 1953. 34 (2): 18-19.

Rausch, R. A. On the status of some arctic mammals. Arctic; 1953. 6 (1): 91-148.

Rausch, R. A. Some aspects of the population ecology of wolves, Alaska Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 253-265.

Rausch, R. A. Some observations on rabies in Alaska, with special reference to wild Canidae. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1958. 22(3): 246-260.

Rausch, R. A. Statewide wolf population studies. Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1969. 5.

Rausch, R. A. Wolf studies. Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1968. 9.

Rausch, R. A Wolf summer food habits and den studies (July 1, 1968, to June 30, 1969) Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1969. (3).

Rausch, R. A.; Williamson, F. S. L. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. XXXIV. The parasites of wolves, Canis lupus L. J. Parasit.; 1959. 45(4): 395-403.

Rausch, R. A.; Winters, R. L. Alaska wildlife investigations. Wolf management investigations. x Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau; 1964. 4.

Rawson, R. E.; DelGiudice, G. D.; Mech, L. D.; Dziuk, H. E. Energy metabolism and hematology of white-tailed deer fawns J. Wildl. Dis.; 1992. 28(1): 91-94.

Raymer, J. H. Investigations into the chemical nature of chemo-olfactory communication in the wolf. Indiana University, Thesis; 1984.

Raymer, J.; Weisler, D.; Novotny, M.; Asa, C.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Chemical scent constituents in urine of wolf (Canis lupus) and their dependence on reproductive hormones J. Chem. Evol.; 1986. 12: 297-314.

Raymer, J.; Wiesler, D.; Novotny, M.; Asa, C.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Chemical investigations of wolf (Canis lupus) anal-sac secretion in relation to breeding season J. Chem. Ecol.; 1985. 11(5): 593-608.

Raymer, J.; Wiesler, D.; Novotny, M.; Asa, C.; Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Volatile constituents of wolf (Canis lupus) urine as related to gender and season. Experientia (Basel); 1984. 40: 707-709.

Ream, R. R.; Fairchild, M. W.; Blakesley, A. J.; Boyd, D. K. First wolf den in western U. S. in recent history Northwestern Naturalist; 1989. 70: 39-40.

Ream, R. R.; Fairchild, M. W.; Boyd, D. Wolf ecology project. Annual Rep.; July 1984 through July 1985.

Ream, R. R.; Fairchild, M. W.; Boyd, D. Wolf ecology project progress report, July 1985 through June 1986 Univ. Mont., Missoula; 1986.

Ream, R. R.; Fairchild, M. W.; Boyd, D. K.; Pletscher, D. H. Wolf monitoring and research in and adjacent to Glacier National Park Submitted to Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Sept. 1987.

Ream, R. R.; Harris, R. Wolf movements in southern Alberta. Natl. Geogr. Soc. Res. Rep.; 1985. 21: 405-409.

Ream, R. R.; Harris, R. B.; Smith, J.; Boyd, D. Movement patterns of a lone wolf, Canis lupus, in Unoccupied wolf range, southeastern British Columbia The Canadian Field-Naturalist; 1985. 99(2): 234-239.

Ream, R. R.; Mattson, U. I. Wolf ecology project. Annu. Rep. Wildl. Institute. Mont. For. & Conserv. Exp. Stn. Univ. Montana, Missoula; 1979.

Ream, R. R.; Mattson, U. I. Wolf identification: a field guide. Mont. For. Conserv. Exp. Stn., Univ. Mont., Missoula; 1979. 1.

Ream, R. R.; Rogers, R. R. A winter wolf survey in the vicinity of the Anaconda range. Wolf Ecol. Proj., Wilderness Inst., Mont. For. Conserv. Exp. Stn. Univ. Mont., Missoula; 1979.

Reig, S.; Delacuesta, L.; Palacios, F. The impact of human activities on the food habits of red fox and wolf in Old Castille, Spain. Symp. on Ecology and Epidemiology of Wild and Feral Canids in the Palearctic Zone, Nancy, France, Revue D Ecol. La Terre et la Vie; 1985. 40(2): 151-156.

Reig, S.; Jedrzejewski, W. Winter and early spring food of some carnivores in the Bialowieza National Park, eastern Poland. Acta Theriol.; 1988. 33(5): 57-65.

Reiger, I. Scent rubbing in carnivores. Carnivore; 1979. 2(1/2): 17-25.

Reimann, D. W. Food habits of wolves (*Canis lupus) in north central Minnesota. Minn. Wildl. Res. Q.; 1983. 43(1-3): 1-7.

Reuther, R. T.; Doherty, J. Birth seasons of mammals at San Francisco Zoo. Int. Zoo Yearbook; 1968. 8: 98-99.

Riabov, L. Wolf-dog hybrids. Okhota I Okhotnich'e Khoziaistvo; 1963. 1963(11): 29-30. [In Russian]

Riabov, L. S. New data on wolves and wolf-dog hybrids in the Voronezh Oblast (In Russian, English summary) Mosk. Obsch. Ispyt. Prir. Biull.: Otd. Biol.; 1978. 83(3): 39-45.

Riabov, L. S. Wolf-dog hybrids in the Voronezh Oblast. [In Russian, English summ.] Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Pri. Biull.: Otd. Biol.; 1973. 78(6): 25-39.

Riley, G. A.; McBride, R. T. A survey of the red wolf (*Canis rufus). USFWS Spec. Sci. Rept.; 1972. 162.

Robel, R. J.; Dayton, A. D.; Henderson, F. R.; Meduna, R. L.; Spaeth, C. W. Relationships between husbandry methods and sheep losses to canine predators J. Wildl. Manage.; 1981. 45(4): 894-911.

Robinson, W. B Population changes of carnivores in some coyote-control areas J. Mamm.; 1961. 42 (4): 510-515.

Robinson, W. B.; Cummings, M. W. Movements of coyotes from and to Yellowstone National Park. USFWS Spec. Scientific Rep.; 1951. 11: 1-17.

Robinson, W. L.; Groebner, D. J.; Schultz, R. N. Foraging of gray wolves at a great blue heron rookery Am. Midl. Nat.; 1991. 126(1): 196-197.

Robinson, W. L.; Smith, G. J Observations on recently killed wolves in upper Michigan Wildlife Society Bulletin; 1977. 5 (1): 25-26.

Rodman, P. S Inclusive fitness and group size with a reconsideration of group size in lions and wolves Amer. Nat.; 1981. 118(2): 275.

Rodriguez, F. Protection of the wolf in Spain: Notes on a Public Awarness Campaign. In Pimlott, D.H. ed. Wolves. Proceedings of the 1st Working Meeting of Wolf Specialists IUCN Publ.New Ser. (Suppl.); 1975. 43: 103-112.

Roehrs, M.; Ebinger, P Evaluation of changes in brain size and skull capacity in wild and domestic animals Z. Zool. Syst. Evol.; 1978. 16(1): 1-14. [In German, English summ.]

Rogers, L. L.; Mech, L. D. Interactions of wolves and black bears in northeastern Minnesota J. Mamm.; 1981. 62(2): 434-436.

Rogers, L. L.; Mech, L. D. Wolf and black bear interactions in northeastern Minnesota J. Mamm.; 1981. 62(2): 434-436.

Rogers, L. L.; Mech, L. D.; Dawson, D. K.; Peek, J. M.; Korb, M. Deer distribution in relation to wolf pack territory edges J. Wildl. Manage.; 1980. 44 (1): 253-258.

Rollings, C. T. Habits, Foods and Parasites of the Bobcat in Minnesota J. Wildl. Manage.; 1945. 9(2): 131-145.

Rosenzweig, M. L Community Structure in Sympatric Carnivora J. Mamm.; 1966. 47 (4): 602-612.

Rosenzweig, M. L The Strategy of Body Size in Mammalian Carnivores Am. Midl. Nat.; 1968. 80 (2): 299-315.

Ross, B. A.; Bray, J. R.; Marshall, W. H. Effects of Long-Term Deer Exclusion on a Pinus Resinosa Forest in North-Central Minnesota Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Scientific Journal Series; 1970. 51(6).

Rossolimo, D. L.; Dolgov, V. A Variability of the Skull in *Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 from the U.S.S.R Acta Theriologica; 1965. 10 (12): 195-207. [In Russian]

Rothman, R. J.; Mech, L. D. Scent-marking in Lone Wolves and Newly Formed Pairs. Anim. Behav.; 1979. 27: 750-760.

Roughton, R. D.; Sweny, M. W. Refinements in scent-station methodology for assessing trends in carnivore populations. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1982. 46 (1): 217-229.

Route, W. T.; Peterson, R. O. An incident of wolf predation on a river otter in Minnesota Can. Field-Nat.; 1991. 105(4): 567-568.

Rowan, W. Winter habits and numbers of timber wolves. J. Mamm.; 1950. 31(2): 167-169.

Rowan, W. Winter Wolves Attack A Man? Habits and Numbers of Timber Wolves J. Mamm.; May 1950. 31(2): 167-169.

Rowe, J. S.; McCormack, R. J. Forestry and Multiple Land Use 1967.

Roy, L. D.; Dorrance, M. J. Methods of investigating predation of domestic livestock. Alberta Ag. Plant Ind. Lab. Edmonton; 1976.

Rozporzadzenie Ministra Lesnictwa i Przemyslu Drzewnego z dn. W sprawie uznania wilka i pizmaka za zwierzeta lowne. [Decree of the Ministry of Forestry and Wood Industries declaring the wolf a game species, 11/17/1975] Dz. Ustaw Nr 38; 1975. [In Polish].

Ruediger, B. Wolves and their prey in the Northern Rocky Mountains West. Wildlands; 1991. 17(1): 14-17.

Russell, D. N.; Shaw, J. H. Distribution and relative density of the red wolf in Texas. Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Game Fish Comm.; 1971. 25: 131-137.

Ryabov, L. S. New facts regarding the wolves and their hybrids with dogs in the Voronezh region 1978.

Ryabov, L. S. Stray and wild dogs in the Voronezh region. BMSNRBS; 1979. 4.

Ryabov, L. S. Wolf and dog hybrids in the Voronezh region 1973.

Ryabov, L. S.; Bibikov, D. I. Is there an ecological niche for the wolf? Priroda, Mosk.; 1982. 1982(3): 26-30. [In Russian]

Ryel, L. A. The "Orphan" Fawn Problem in Michigan 1965. 43(1).

Ryon, C. J. Aspects of dominance behavior in groups of sibling coyote/red wolf hybrids. Beh & Neur. Biol.; 1979. 25: 69-78.

Ryon, C. J. Den digging and related behavior in a captive timber wolf pack. J. Mamm.; 1977. 58(1): 87-89.

Ryon, J.; Fentress, J. C.; Harrington, F. H.; Bragdon, S. Scent-rubbing in wolves (Canis lupus): the effect of novelty. Can. J. Zool.; 1986. 64: 573-577.

Salden, D. R. An analysis of social structure and interaction patterns in the red wolf (*Canis rufus). W.C.S.R.C. Wolf Sanctuary; 1986.

Salvador, A.; Abad, P. L. Food habits of a wolf population (*Canis lupus) in Leon province, Spain. Mammalia; 1987. 51: 45-52.

Samuel, W. M.; Ramalingam, S.; Carbyn, L. N. Helminths in coyotes (Canis latrans Say), wolves (Canis lupus L.), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) of southwestern Manitoba Can. J. Zool.; 1978. 56: 2614-2617.

Sands, M. W.; Coppinger, R. P.; Phillips, C. J. Comparisons of thermal sweating and histology of sweat glands of selected canids J. Mamm.; 1977. 58(1): 75-78.

Sather, J. H. The Dentition Method of Aging Muskrats Chicago Acad. Sci., Nat. Hist. Misc.; 1954. (130).

Schaefer, J. M.; Andrews, R. D.; Dinsmore, J. J. An assessment of coyote and dog predation on sheep in southern Iowa. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1981. 45: 883-893.

Schassburger, R. M. The vocal repertoire of the wolf: structure, function, and ontogeny. Cornell University, Thesis; 1978.

Schenkel, R. Expression studies of wolves. Behaviour; 1947. 1: 81-129.

Schenkel, R. Submission: its features and function in the wolf and dog. Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 319-329.

Schlegel, M. W.; Giddings, B. Wolf status survey, Clearwater National Forest. {Cited from Kaminski, T.; Hansen, J. 1984 Wolves of central Idaho.}

Schlegel, M. W.; Kaminski, T. Rocky Mountain Wolf 1982. Status Rep., Idaho Dep. Fish and Game; 1983.

Schlegel, M. W.; Pope, J. R.; Gipe, R.; Hershey, T. Wolf sighting -- Kelly Creek, North Fork Clearwater River. Unpubl. Rpt.; 1983.

Schlegel, M. W.; Pope, J. R.; Gipe, R.; Hershey, T. Wolf sighting -- Paradise Meadows, North Fork Clearwater River, 4 June 1978. Unpubl. Rpt., Idaho Dept. Fish and Game, Boise; 1978.

Schmidt, L. J.; Terwilliger, J.; Mech, L. D. Tracking timber wolves- Ely, Minnesota research project 1994 field report 1994. 1-19.

Schmitz. O. J.; Kolenosky, G. B. Hybridization between wolf and coyote in captivity. J. Mamm.; 1985. 66 (2): 402-405.

Schmitz, O. J.; Kolenosky, G. B. Wolves and coyotes in Ontario: morphological relationships and origins. Can. J. Zool.; 1985. 63: 1130-1137.

Schmitz, O. J.; Lavigne, D. M. Factors Affecting Body Size in Sympatric Ontario CANIS J. Mamm.; 1987. 68(1): 92-99.

Schoener, T. W. Resource partitioning in ecological communities. Science; 1974. 185: 27-39.

Schonberner, V. D. Observations on the reproductive biology of the wolf. Z. fur Sauzetierkunde; 1965. 30(3): 171-178.

Schorger, A. W. The Ruffed Grouse in Early Wisconsin Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts Lett.; 1945. 37: 35-90.

Schotte, C. S. The developement of social organization and mating patterns in a captive wolf (*Canis lupus) pack. Univ. Conn. Dept. Biobehavioral Sci., Ph.D. Thesis; 1988.

Schotte, C. S.; Ginsburg, B. E. Communication Behavior of coyotes, beagles and their hybrids. Behav. Gen.; 1978. 8: 566. (Abstract only.)

Schotte, C. S.; Ginsburg, B. E. Continuing development of social organization and mating in a captive wolf pack. Presented at annual meeting, Animal Behavior Society, Seattle, WA; 1978.

Schotte, C. S.; Smiley, L.; MacDonald, K. B.; Ginsburg, B. E. Social organization and mating in a developing wolf pack. Annual Meeting of Animal Behavior Society, University Park, Pennsylvania; 1977.

Schrader, T. A. Roadside Deer Counts as an Emergency Census Method 9th North American Wildlife Conference. 1944.

Schrieber, G. R. Notes on the timber wolves at Brooksfield Zoo, Chicago. Int. Zoo Yb.; 1968. 8: 13-14.

Schultz, R. D.; Amundson, T.; Zuba, J. The Pathogenesis of Canine Parvovirus in the Eastern Timberwolf 12 June 1989.

Schultz, R. D.; Amundson, T.; Zuba, J. Vaccination of Wolves with a Canine Parvovirus Vaccine Oct 1, 1986 - Sept 30, 1987.

Schwartz, C. C.; Franzmann, A. W. Interrelationship of black bears to moose and forest succession in the northern coniferous forest Wildl. Monogr. 113; Jan 1991.

Schwartz, C. C.; Stephenson, R. O.; Wilson, N. *Trichodectes *canis on the gray wolf and coyote in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1983. 19(4): 372-373.

Scott, B. M. V. The Vancouver Island wolf (*Canis lupus crassodon): An initial study of food habits and social organization. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, M.S. Thesis; 1979.

Scott, B. M. V.; Shackleton, D. M. Food habits of two Vancouver Island wolf packs: A preliminary study. Can. J. Zool.; 1980. 58 (6): 1203-1207.

Scott, H. H. Carcinoma of the tonsil in a common wolf (*Canis lupus) Proc. Zool. Soc. London; 1928. 43.

Scott, J. P. The evolution of social behavior in dogs and wolves. Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 373-381.

Scott, J. P. The social behavior of dogs and wolves: an illustration of sociobiological systematics. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.; 1950. 51 (6): 1009-1021.

Scott, P. A.; Bentley, C. V.; Warren, J. J. Aggressive behavior by wolves toward humans. J. Mamm.; 1985. 66(4): 807-809.

Scudday, J. F. Two recent records of gray wolves in west Texas. J. Mamm.; 1972. 53(3): 598.

Seager, S. W. J.; Platz, C. C.; Hodge, W. Successful pregnancy using frozen semen in the wolf. Int. Zoo Yb.; 1975. 15: 140-143.

Seal, U. S.; E. D. Plotka; J. M. Packard; L. D. Mech Endocrine correlates of reproduction in the wolf. I. Serum Progesterone, Estradiol and LH during the Estrous Cycle Biol. Reprod.; 1979. 21 (5): 1057-1066.

Seal, U. S.; Erickson, A. W. Phencyclidine immobilization of the Carnivora and other mammals. Fed. Proc. of the Symp. on Lab. Anim. and Anesthesia; 1969. 28: 1410-1419.

Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D. Blood indicators of seasonal metabolic patterns in captive adult gray wolves J. Wildl. Manage.; 1983. 47(3): 704-715.

Seal, U. S.; Mech, L. D.; Van Ballenberge, V. Blood analyses of wolf pups and their ecological and metabolic interpretation J. Mamm.; 1975. 56 (1): 64-75.

Seal, U. S.; Nelson, M. E.; Mech, L. D.; Hoskinson, R. L. Metabolic indicators of habitat differences in four Minnesota deer populations J. Wildl. Mgmt.; 1978. 42(4): 746-754.

Section of Game Economy- Ministry of National Economy. The kill of wolves in Greece, 1964-1972. In Pimlott, D. H. ed., Wolves. Proceedings of the 1st working meeting of wolf specialists and of the 1st international conference on conservation of the wolf IUCN Publications New Series (Suppl.); 1975. 43: 81-82.

Segnestam, M. The nordic wolf project. In Pimlott, D. H. ed., Wolves. Proceedings of the 1st working meeting of wolf specialists and of the 1st international conference on conservation of the wolf. IUCN Publications New Series (Suppl.); 1975. 43: 120-122.

Seip. D. R. An introduction to predator-prey interactions. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 1-12.

Seip, D. R. Caribou-moose-wolf interactions in central British Columbia. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 57-69.

Seip, D. R. Factors limiting woodland caribou populations and their interrelationships with wolves and moose in southeastern British Columbia Can. J. Zool.; 1992. 70(8): 1494-1503.

Seip, D. R. Predation and caribou populations Rangifer; 1991. 11(7): 46-52.

Seitz, A. Canid hybrids. Zool. Gart.; 1984. 54(4-5): 330-332.

Seton, E. T. The wood buffalo. Proceedings of the Canadian Institute; 1886. 31: 114-117.

Severinghaus, C. W. Note on the history of wild canids in New York. New York Fish and Game Journal; 1974. 21: 117-125.

Severinghaus, C. W. Tooth development and wear as criteria of age in white-tailed deer. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1949. 13(2): 195-216.

Shahi, S. P. Status of grey wolf (*Canis lupus pallipes, *sykes) in India. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 283-286.

Shahi, S. P. Status of the grey wolf in India: a preliminary survey. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.; 1983. 79: 493-502.

Shaldybin, L. S. Parasitic worms of wolves in the Modrvinian ASSR. (From Biol. Abstr. 35:2241: No. 22505.) Uch. Sap. Gor'kovsk. Gos. Ped. Inst.; 1957. 19: 65-70.

Shalter, M. D.; Fentress, J. C.; Young, G. W. Determinants of response of wolf pups to auditory signals Behaviour; 1977. 60: 98-114.

Shaw, J. H. Ecology, behavior and systematics of the red wolf (*Canis rufus). Yale Univ., Thesis; 1975.

Shaw, S. P. Forest Wildlife Responsibilities - What's Our Problem? Journal of Forestry; 1970. 68(5): 270-273.

Shaw, S. P. Woodlots, Wildlife, and Timber Management 32nd N. American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference; 1967.

Shelford, V. E.; Olson, S. Sere, Climax and Influent Animals with Special Reference to the Transcontinental Coniferous Forest of North America Ecology; July 1935. 16(3): 375-402.

Shelton, P. C. Ecological studies of beavers, wolves and moose in Isle Royale National Park, Michigan. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University, Thesis; 1966.

Shelton, P. C.; Peterson, R. O. Beaver, wolf and moose interactions in Isle Royale National Park. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 265-266.

Shields, W. M. Genetic considerations in the management of the wolf and other large vertebrates: an alternative view. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 90-92.

Shiyan, R. I. The practice of counting wolves in the Gorki Oblast, In enrichment of fauna and the breeding of game animals. Kirov; 1982. [In Russian]

Shorts, H. L; Remmenga, E. E. Use Fecal Cellulose to Estimate Plant Tissue Eaten By Deer The Journal of Range Management; 1965. 18(3): 139-144.

Siedlecki, L. Plaga wilcza opanowana. Lowiec Polski; 1959. 14(1113): 4-5. [In Polish].

Sih, A. Optimal behavior and density-dependent predation Am. Nat.; 1984. 123 (3): 314-326.

Silver, H.; Silver, W. T. Growth and behavior of the coyote-like canid of northern New England with observations on canid hybrids. Wildlife Monographs; 1969. 17.

Simonsen, V. Electrophoretic studies on the blood proteins of domestic dogs and other Canidae. Heridatas; 1976. 82: 7-18.

Sinclair, A. R. E. Science and the practice of wildlife management J. Wildl. Manage.; 1991. 55(4): 767-773.

Singer, F. J. Some predictions concerning a wolf recovery into Yellowstone National Park: How wolf recovery may affect park visitors, ungulates and other predators Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf.; 1991. 56: 567-583.

Singer, F. J. The history and status of wolves in Glacier National Park, Montana Glacier National Park Scientific Paper; 1975. 1.

Singer, F. J.; Dalle-Molle, J. The Denali ungulate-predator system Alces; 1985. 21: 339-358.

Skeel, M. A.; Carbyn, L. N. Morphometric relationships of gray wolves (*Canis lupus) in national parks of central Canada with particular reference to the population in Prince Alberta National Park, Saskatchewan. Canadian Wildlife Service Report; 1976.

Skeel, M. A.; Carbyn, L. N. The morphological relationship of gray wolves (*Canis lupus) in national parks of central Canada. Canadian J. Zool.; 1977. 55: 737-747.

Skogland, T. Density dependent food limitation and maximal production in wild reindeer herds J. Wildl. Manage.; 1986. 50: 314-319.

Skogland, T. The effects of density-dependent resource limitations on the demography of wild reindeer J. Anim. Ecol.; 1985. 54: 359-374.

Skogland, T. What are the effects of predators on large ungulate populations? Oikos; 1991. 61: 401-411.

Skoog, R. O. Ecology of the caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) in Alaska Berkeley: Univ. California, Ph.D. Thesis; 1968.

Skoog, R. O. Results of Alaska's attempts to increase prey by controlling wolves. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 245-247.

Slade, V. R. Individual differences in social bond formation of two hand-reared prepubertal wolves. Univ. Conn., M.S. Thesis; 1983.

Slovak Institute for the Care of Monuments and Nature Conservation. Status, distribution and problems of protecting wolves in Slovakia. In Pimlott, D. H. ed., Wolves. Proceedings of the 1st working meeting of wolf specialists. IUCN Publications New Series (Suppl.); 1975. 43: 62-72.

Smirnov, V. S. Intrapopulational mechanism for stabilizing wolf numbers under the current intensive control. Soviet J. Ecol.; 1986. 17(1): 25-32.

Smith, B. L. The status and management of the wolf in the Yukon Territory. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 48-50.

Smith, C. A. Responses of two groups of mountain goats to a wolf. Can. Field-Nat.; 1983. 97(1): 110.

Smith, T. G. Hunting, kill and utilization of a caribou by a single grey wolf. Can. Field-Nat.; 1980. 94(2): 175-177.

Sokolov, V. E.; Poyarkov, A. D.; Badridze, Y. K. General model of intra- and inter-pack interrelations in wolves. Dokl. Biol. Sci. (Eng. Tran. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Biol.); 1986. 287 (2): 240-242.

Soper, J. D. A faunal investigation of southern Baffin Island. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, 53; 1928. 15: 1-143.

Soper, J. D. Mammals of Baffin Island. J. Mamm.; 1944. 25: 221-254.

Soper, J. D. Mammals of Wood Buffalo Park, Northern Alberta and District of Mackenzie. J. Mamm.; 1942. 23 (2): 119-145.

Soper, J. D. Report on wildlife investigation in Wood Buffalo National Park and vicinity, Alberta and N.W.T, Canada. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1945. 252. (Unpubl.)

Sorensen, O. J.; Mysterud, I.; Kvam, T. Central registration of large carnivores in Norway. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1984. 172: 213-214.

Spriggs, J. W. Trapping and Pelting the Beaver Wyoming Wild Life; January and March, 1944.

Squier, Emma-Lindsay Adventures in Captivity Good Housekeeping; June 1922. 72.

Stardom, R. R. P. Status and management of wolves in Manitoba. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 30-34.

Stearns, F. W.; Creed, W. A. Wildlife Habitat and the Managed Forest Wis. Acad. TRANS.; 1964. 53(A): 123-129.

Stebler, A. M. The ecology of Michigan coyotes and wolves. The University of Michigan, Thesis; 1951.

Stebler, A. M. The status of the wolf in Michigan. J. Mamm.; 1944. 25(1): 37-43.

Stelfox, J. Wolves in Alberta: a history 1800-1969. Alberta Lands, Forests, Parks, Wildlife; 1969. 12: 18-27.

Stenlund, M. H. A field study of the timber wolf (Canis lupus) on the Superior National Forest, Minnesota Minn. Dept. Cons. Tech. Bull.; 1955. 4: 1-37.

Stenlund, M. H. Our timber wolves Conservation Volunteer; 1965. 28:1-8.

Stenlund, M. H. Our timber wolves Outdoor America; April 1966. 14-16.

Stenlund, M. H. The timber wolf in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Naturalist; 1983. 34(1): 12- .

Stenlund, M. H. Timber wolf: saint or sinner! Minnesota Naturalist; Dec 1952. 3(2).

Stephens, P. W.; Peterson, R. O. Wolf-avoidance strategies of moose. Holarc. Ecol.; 1984. 7(2): 239-244.

Stephenson, R. O. Characteristics of wolf den sites. Alaska Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska; 1974.

Stephenson, R. O. Unit 13 wolf studies. Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska; 1978.

Stephenson, R. O. Wolf Report. Alaska Federal Aid In Wildlife Restoration Program Report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska; 1975.

Stephenson, R. O.; Johnson, L Wolf report. Alaska Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Report, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska; 1972.

Stephenson, R. O.; Johnson, L. Wolf report. Alaska Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Report Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska; 1973.

Stephenson, R. O.; Ritter, D. G.; Nielsen, C. A. Serologic survey for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis in wolves in Alaska. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1982. 18 (4): 419-424.

Stephenson, R. O.; Sexton, J. J. Wolf report. Alaska Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Progress Report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska; 1974.

Stewart, P. A. Recent record of wolf in Ohio J. Mamm.; 1961. 42: 420-421.

Stiteler, W. M.; Shaw, S. P. Use of Woody Browse by Whitetail Deer in Heavily Forested Areas of Northeastern United States Trans. 31st North. Am. Wild. Nat. Res. Conf.; March 1966. 205-212.

Stocker, M. Optimization model for a wolf-ungulate system. Eco. Mod.; 1981. 12(3): 151-172.

Stoeckeler, J. H.; Keener, J. M.; Strothmann, R. O. Deer Browse Production from Felled Trees in the Northern Hardwood-Hemlock Forest Type Journal of Forestry; 1958. 56(6): 416-421.

Strickland, D. Wolf howling in parks -- the Algonquin experience in interpretation. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 93-95.

Suminski, P. Jeszcze raz w obronie wilka. [More about the protection of the wolf.] Chronmy Przyrode Ojczysta; 1970. 5: 59-61. [In Polish]

Suminski, P. Proba ustalenia hierarchii nisz siedliskowvch naszvch krajowych drapieznikow -- Carnivora. [Tentative determination of the hierarchy of the site niches of our native predators.] Carnivora/Przegl. zool.; 1962. 6(1): 55-65. [In Polish]

Suminski, P. Ssaki drapiezne w Polsce, ich znaczenie i pryzszlosc. [Predatory mammals in Poland, their importance and future.] Chronmy Przvr. ojcz.; 1965. 4: 14-27. [In Polish]

Suminski, P. The wolf in Poland. In Pimlott, D. H. ed., Wolves. Proceedings of the 1st working meeting of wolf specialists and of the 1st international conference on conservation of the wolf. IUCN Publications New Series (Suppl.); 1975. 43: 44-52.

Suminski, P. Wilk czy Pies? /czy mozna odroznic czaszki wilka od czaszki psa/. [Wolf or dog? -- or whether one can tell wolf skulls from dog skulls.] Low. Polski; 1969. 20: 12. [In Polish]

Suminski, P.; Kobryn, K. Assessment of the usefulness of a discrimination analysis method of sex determination of wolf skulls. Z. Jagdwiss.; 1980. 26(3): 121-126. [In German with English summ.]

Swanberg, C. A case study for species reintroduction: the wolf in Olympic National Park, Washington. Evergreen State Col., Olympia; 1975.

Swanson, G. The Minnesota Caribou Herd Proc. North Am. Wild. Conf., Feb 1936. 416-418.

Sweatman, G. K. Distribution and incidence of *Echinococcus *granulosus in man and other animals with special reference to Canada. Can. J. Pub. Health.; 1952. 43: 480-486.

Switzenberg, D. F.; Nelson, T. C.; Jenkins, B. C. Effect of Deer Browsing on Quality of Hardwood Timber in Northern Michigan Forest Science; 1955. 1(1): 61-67.

Szemethy, L.; Baranyai, N.; Horvath, A. Occurrence and relative density of protected carnivores in Hungary Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1991. 20(1): 397.

Taber, R. D. Characteristics of the Pelvic Girdle in Relation to Sex in Black-Tailed and White-Tailed Deer California Fish and Game; Jan 1956. 42(1): 15-21.

Tassi, F. The status of the wolf in the central Apennines (Italy) Lav. Soc. Italinana Biog., Nuova serie, Siena, 1971; 1973. 2.

Taylor, R. J.; Pekins, P. J. Territory boundary avoidance as a stabilizing factor in wolf-deer interactions Theor. Popul. Biol.; 1991. 39(2): 115-128.

Taylor, W. P.; Shaw, W. T. Mammals and birds of Mount Ranier National Park [Washington]. U.S. Gov. Printing Office. Washington, D.C.; 1927.

Taylor, W. P.; Spraker, T. H. Management of a biting louse infestation in a free-ranging wolf population. Annu. Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo. Vet.; 1983. 1983: 40-41.

Telfer, E. S.; Kelsall, J. P. Adaptation of some large North American mammals for survival in snow. Ecology; 1984. 65: 1828-1834.

Telleria, J. L.; Saez-Royuela, C. Ecologia de una poblacion Iberica de lobos (Canis lupus). Donana Acta Vert.; 1989. 16(1): 105-122.

Tener, J. S. A preliminary study of the musk-oxen of Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, NWT. Can. Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Man. Bull.; 1954. 1.

Tener, J. S. Three observations of predators attacking prey. No. 2: Polar wolf attacking arctic hare Can. Field Nat.; Oct-Dec 1954. 68: 181-182.

The Friends of Algonquin Park. Wolf howling in Algonquin Provincial Park. Algonquin Park Technical Bulletin; 1989. 3.

Theberge, J. B. Considerations in wolf management related to genetic variability and adaptive change. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 86-89.

Theberge, J. B. Ecological classification, status, and management of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), in Canada Can. Field-Nat.; 1991. 105(4): 459-463.

Theberge, J. B. Northern wildlife resources: Will we lose by default? Nature Canada; 1972. 1(3): 26-32.

Theberge, J. B. Potentials for misinterpreting impacts of wolf predation through prey: predator ratios Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1990. 18(2): 188-192.

Theberge, J. B. When is wolf control to increase ungulate numbers justified? In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 151-161.

Theberge, J. B. Wolf management in Canada through a decade of change. Nature Canada/Canadian Nature Federation; 1973. 2(1): 3-10.

Theberge, J. B. Wolf management in Canada through a decade of change. In Pimlott, D. H. ed., Wolves. Proceedings of the 1st working meeting of wolf specialists. IUCN Publications New Series (Suppl.); 1975. 43: 89-102.

Theberge, J. B. Wolf Music. Nat. Hist.; 1971. 53(4): 37-42.

Theberge, J. B.; Cottrell, T. J. Food habits of wolves in Kluane National Park. Arctic; 1977. 30 (3): 189-191.

Theberge, J. B.; Falls, J. B. Howling as a means of communication in timber wolves. Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7 (2): 331-338.

Theberge, J. B.; Gauthier, D. A. Models of wolf-ungulate relationships: when is wolf control justified? Wildl. Soc. Bull.; 1985. 13(4): 449-458.

Theberge, J. B.; Oosenbrug, S. M.; Pimlott, D. H. Site and seasonal variations in food of wolves. Algonquin Park, Ontario. Can. Field Nat.; 1978. 92(1): 91-94.

Theberge, J. B.; Pimlott, D. H. Observations of wolves at a rendezvous site in Algonquin Park. Can. Field Nat.; 1969. 83(2): 122-128.

Theberge, J. B.; Pimlott, D. H. Recovery of a timber wolf population in Algonquin Provincial Park.

Theberge, J. B.; Strickland, D. R. Changes in wolf numbers, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Can. Field-Nat.; 1978. 92 (4): 395-398.

Thieking, A.; Goyal, S. M.; Bey, R. F.; Loken, K. I.; Mech, L. D.; Thiel, R. P.; O'Connor, T. P. Seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves from Minnesota and Wisconsin J. Wildl. Dis.; 1992. 28(2): 177-182.

Thiel, R. P. Eastern Timber wolf DNR Bureau of Endangered Resources; 1986.

Thiel, R. P. Relationship between road densities and wolf habitat suitability in Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat.; 1985. 113(2): 404-407.

Thiel, R. P. Status and recovery prospects for timber wolves in Wisconsin. Abstract. Proc. Int. Wolf Symp.; Nat. Geogr. Soc. Wash., D.C.; 1987. 10-11.

Thiel, R. P. The status of the timber wolf in Wisconsin 1975. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts Lett. 66: 186-194.

Thiel, R. P.; Fritts, S. H. Chewing-removal of radio collars by gray wolves in Wisconsin. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1983. 47 (3): 851-852.

Thiel, R. P; Hale, J. B. Endangered and threatened species investigations. Status of the timber wolf. Wisc. DNR, Madison; 1980.

Thiel, R. P.; Hamill, J. H. Wolf Specimen Records in Upper Michigan 1960-1986 The Jack-Pine Warbler; Dec 1988. 66(4).

Thiel, R. P.; Mech, L. D.; Ruth, G. R.; Archer, J. R.; Kaufman, L. Blastomycosis in wild wolves J. Wildl. Dis.; 1987. 23 (2): 321-323.

Thiel, R. P.; Welch, R. J. Evidence of recent breeding activity in Wisconsin wolves. Am. Midl. Nat.; 1981. 106 (2): 401-402.

Thomas, D. C. At the crossroads of caribou management in northern Canada Can. Nat. Fed. Spec. Publ.; 1981. 10.

Thomas, R. H.; Schaffner, W.; Wilson, A. C.; Paabo, S. DNA Phylogeny of the Extinct Marsupial Wolf Nature; 1989. 340: 465-467.

Thompson, D. Q. Travel, range, and food habits of timber wolves in Wisconsin. J. Mamm.; 1952. 33(4): 429-442.

Thompson, I. D.; Peterson, R. O. Does wolf predation alone limit the moose population in Pukaskwa Park?: a comment J. Wildl. Manage.; 1988. 52: 556-559.

Thompson, J. G. Addressing the human dimensions of wolf reintroduction: an example using estimates of livestock depredation and costs of compensation Soc. Nat. Resour.; 1993. 6(2): 165-179.

Thompson, W. R. On natural control Parasitology; 1929. 21: 269-281.

Thone, F. Admired enemy Science News Letter; July 1944. 46(2): 30.

Thurber, J. M.; Peterson, R. O.; Woolington, J. D.; Vucetich, J. A. Coyote coexistence with wolves on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska Can. J. Zool.; 1992. 70(12): 2494-2498. [In English with French summ.]

Tierson, W. C.; Patric, E. F.; Behrend, D. F. Influence of White-tailed Deer on the Logged Northern Hardwood Forest Journal of Forestry; Dec 1966. 801-805.

Tigner, J. R.; Larson, G. E. Sheep losses on selected ranches in southern Wyoming. J. Range Manage.; 1977. 30(4): 244-252.

Tinbergen, L. The natural control of insects in pinewoods. I. Factors influencing the intensity of predation by songbirds Archives Neerlandica Zoologica; 1960. 13: 266-336.

Tobey, R. W. Annual report of survey-inventory activites, 1 Jan. 1988 - 31 Dec. 1988. In Wolf Survey-Inventory progress report, GMU 13 Fed. Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project ; 1989. (15): 57-66.

Tobey, R. W.; Ballard, W. B. Increased mortality in gray wolves captured with acepromazine and etorphine hydrochloride in combination. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1985. 21 (2): 188-190.

Todd, A. W. Karyotypic fissioning and canid phylogeny. J. Theor. Biol.; 1970. 26: 445-480.

Todd, A. W.; Gunson, J. R.; Samuel W. M. Sarcoptic mange, an important disease of coyotes and wolves of Alberta. In Chapman, J.; Pursley, D. eds., Proceedings of the First Worldwide Furbearer Conference, 1980, Fosberg College, Fosberg, Fosberg College, Fosberg, Maryland; 1981.

Tompa, F. S. Problem wolf management in British Columbia: conflict and program evaluation. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 112-119.

Tompa, F. S. Status and management of wolves in British Columbia. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 20-24.

Tooze, Z. J.; Harrington, F. H.; Fentress, J. C. Individually distinct vocalizations in timber wolves, Canis lupus Animal Behaviour; 1990. 40(4): 723-730.

Townsend, J. E. Beaver Ecology in Western Montana with Special Reference to Movements Journal of Mammalogy; 1953. 34(4): 459-479.

Traylor-Holzer, K. L. An analysis of social interactions among captive young wolves (Canis lupus) North Dakota State University, Thesis; 1982.

Turner, L. M. Contributions to the natural history of Alaska; results of investigations made chiefly in the Yukon District and the Aleutian Islands. Arctic Series of Publications; 1886. 2: 1-226.

Turner, L. W.; Caron, S. Time to Cry Wolf (Book Review) J. Wildl. Manage.; 1973. 37(4): 594-595.

Tyler, J. D.; Anderson, W. HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF SEVERAL LARGE MAMMALS IN OKLAHOMA. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci.; 1990. 70: 51-55.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; regulations governing the gray wolf in Minnesota. 1985.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mexican wolf recovery plan. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM; 1982.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Northern Rocky Mountain wolf recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Denver, CO; 1987.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reclassification of the gray wolf in the United States and Mexico, with determination of critical habitat in Michigan and Minnesota. Federal Register; 1978. 43: 9607-9613.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Recovery plan for the eastern timber wolf. Prepared by the Eastern Timber Wolf Recovery Team. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Marquette, MI; 1978.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Red wolf proposed for reintroduction. Endangered Species Tech. Bull.; 1986. 11(8-9): 1,7.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Regulations governing the gray wolf in Minnesota. 1983.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Threatened wildlife of the United States: the northern Rocky Mountain wolf. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv.; 1973. 235-236.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Wolf Recovery in Yellowstone National Park & Central Idaho: Alternative Scoping Brochure Yellowstone N.P. & Central Idaho, U.S. Dept. of the Interior.

Valkenburg, P.; Davis, J. L.; Boertje, R. D. Social organization and seasonal range fidelity of Alaska's Western Arctic Caribou-preliminary findings Acta Zoologica Fennica; 1983. 175: 125-126.

Valverde, J. A. El lobo Espanol [The Spanish wolf]. Montes; 1971. 159: 229-241.

Valverde, J. A. El lobo -- una historia de tragedia en los montes de Espana. Trofeo; 1973. 4: 33.

Valverde, J. A.; Hidalgo, A. On the wolf, *Canis lupus, in Iberia: Sexual dimorphism in skulls. Donana Acta Vertebr.; 1974. 1(2): 233-244. [In Spanish with English summ.]

Van Ballenberghe, V. Ecology, movements and population characteristics of timber wolves in northeastern Minnesota. Minnesota: University of Minnesota, Ph.D. Thesis; 1972.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Effects of predation on moose numbers: a review of recent North American studies Swedish Wildl. Res. Suppl.; 1987. 1: 431-460.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Extraterritorial movements and dispersal of wolves in southcentral Alaska. J. Mamm.; 1983. 64 (1): 168-171.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Forty years of wolf management in the Nelchina Basin, southcentral Alaska: a critical review Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf.; 1991. 56: 561-566.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Injuries to wolves sustained during live-capture. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1984. 48 (4): 1425-1429.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Physical characteristics of timber wolves in Minnesota. In Phillips, R. L.; Jonkel, C. eds., Proceedings of the 1975 Predator Symposium, Montana Forest Conservation Experimental Station, University of Montana, Missoula; 1977.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Population dynamics of wolves in the Nelchina Basin. Worldwide Furbearer Conf. Proc.; 1981. 1246-1258.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Rate of increase in moose populations Alces; 1983. 19: 98-117.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Two litters raised in one year by a wolf pack. J. Mamm.; 1983. 64(1): 171-172.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Wolf management in Minnesota: an endangered species case history. 39th N. Am. Wildl. and Nat. Res. Conf. Trans.; 1974. 313-320.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Wolf predation on caribou. The Nelchina herd case history J. Wildl. Manage.; 1985. 49(3): 711-720.

Van Ballenberghe, V. Wolf predation on the Nelchina Caribou herd: a comment J. Wildl. Manage.; 1989. 53(1): 243-250.

Van Ballenberghe, V.; Ballard, W. B. Limitation and Regulation of Moose Populations: The Role of Predation Canadian Journal of Zoology; 1994. 72: 2071-2077.

Van Ballenberghe, V.; Dart, J. Harvest yields from moose populations subject to wolf and bear predation. Alces; 1983. 18: 258-275.

Van Ballenberghe, V; Erickson, A. W. A wolf pack kills another wolf. Amer. Wildl. Nat. Res. Conf.; 1973. 90(2): 490-493.

Van Ballenberghe, V.; Erickson, A. W.; Byman, D. Ecology of the timber wolf in northeastern Minnesota. Wildl. Monogr.; 1975. 43. 1-43.

Van Ballenberghe, V.; Mech, L. D. Weights, Growth, and Survival of Timber Wolf Pups in Minnesota. J. Mamm.; 1975. 56 (1): 44-63.

Van Ballenberghe, V.; Peek, J. M. Radiotelemetry Studies of Moose in Northeastern Minnesota J. Wildl. Manage.; 1971. 35: 63-71.

Van Camp, J. Predation on Bison. In Reynolds, H.; Hawley, A., eds. Bison Ecology in Relation to Agricultural Development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. Can. Wildl. Serv. Occasional Paper; 1987. 63: 25-33.

Van Camp, J.; Gluckie, R. A Record Long Distance Move by a Wolf. J. Mamm.; 1979. 60(1): 236-237.

Van Haaften, J. L. Wolf Investigations in Portugal. Lutra; 1984. 27(2): 209-211. [in Dutch]

Van Haaften, J. L.; Pereira, M. R.; Fonseca, F. P. A Wolf Study in Portugal. Proc.16th Congr.IUGB,Strbske Pleso CSFR; Sept. 1983. 2: 550-553.

Van Hensbergen, H. J. Ecological Separation Between Four Species of Carnivore in the Western Pyrenees, Spain. Cambridge Univ., Thesis; 1985.

Varley, J. D.; Brewster W. G. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress (Executive Summaries) National Park Service; July 1992. 3.

Veitch, A. M. A Quantitative Investigation of the Effects of Low Level Aircraft Disturbance on the Behaviour and Distribution of the Red Wine Mountain 0caribou herd, Labrador University of Minnesota, M.S. Thesis; 1990.

Veitch, A. M.; Clark, W. E.; Harrington, F. H. Observations of an Interaction between a Barren-ground Black Bear, Ursus Americanus, and a Wolf, Canis lupus, at a Wolf Den in Northern Labrador The Canadian Field-Naturalist; 1993. 107(1): 95-97.

Verme, L. J. Influence of Experimental Diets on White-Tailed Deer Reproduction Transactions of the Thirty-Second North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conf.; 1967. 405-420.

Verme, L. J. Swamp Conifer Deeryards in Northern Michigan, Their Ecology and Management Journal of Forestry. 1967. 523-529.

Vesall, D. B.; Nyman, R. W.; Gensch, R. H. The Relation of Beaver to Swamp Timber Management in Koochiching County, Minnesota Proceedings Socity of American Foresters' Meeting; 1947. 195-200.

Vila, C.; Urios, V.; Castroviejo, J. Possible Not Male Dominated Interaction Among Iberian Wolves (Canis lupus). Mammalia; 1990. 54(2): 312-314.

Vila, C.; Urios, V.; Castroviejo, J. Tooth Losses and Anomalies in the Wolf (Canis lupus) Can. J. Zool.; 1993. 71(5): 968-971. [In English with French summ.]

Vogl, R. J. Controlled Burning for Wildlife in Wisconsin 47-96.

Vogl, R. J.; Beck, A. M. Response of White-tailed Deer to a Wisconsin Wildfire The American Midland Naturalist; 1970. 84(1): 269-272.

Voigt, D. R. Summer food habits and movements of wolves (*Canis lupus) in central Ontario. University of Guelph, Ontario, M.S. Thesis; 1973.

Voigt, D. R.; Kolenosky, G. B.; Pimlott, D. H. Changes in summer foods of wolves in central Ontario J. Wildl. Manage.; 1976. 40 (4): 663-668.

Vosburgh, K. M.; Barbiens, R. B.; Sikarskie, J. G.; Ullrey, D. E. A soft versus hard diet and oral health in captive timber wolves (Canis lupus). J. Zoo Amer. Med.; 1982. 13(3): 104-107.

Voskar, J. Present problems of wolf preservation in Czechoslovakia. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 287-288.

Voskar, J. Restrospektivy a perspektivy vlka na vychodnom Slovensku. [Some thoughts on the wolf in the east of Slovakia.] Ochrana Prirody 4; 1971.

Wabakken, P.; Sovensen, O. J.; Kvam, T. Wolves (*Canis lupus) in southeastern Norway. Acta Zool. Fenn.; 1983. 174: 277.

Wade, D. A.; Browns, J. E. Procedures for evaluating predation on livestock and wildlife. Texas A&M Univ. Sys. and USFWS; 1982.

Walker, D. N.; Frison, G. C. Studies on Amerindian dogs, 3: prehistoric wolf/dog hybrids from the northwestern plains. J. Arch. Sci.; 1982. 9(2): 125-172.

Walker, J. H. C. Wildlife management in British Columbia. In Ministry of Environment, Victoria, B.C., ed. Wolf-prey dynamics and management proceedings. Wildlife Working Report; 1989. WR-40: 162-169.

Wasylyk, G. M. Age determination of wolves by annual structure of dental cementum. University of British Columbia: Undergraduate Thesis; 1964.

Wayne, R. K. A comparative study of skeletal growth and morphology in domestic and wild canids. John Hopkins University, Thesis; 1984.

Wayne, R. K. Cranial morphology of domestic and wild canids: The influence of development on morphological change. Evol.; 1986. 40 (2): 243-261.

Wayne, R. K.; Jenks, S. M. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Implying Extensive Hybridization of the Endangered Red Wolf, Canis rufus Nature; 1991. 351(6327): 565-568.

Wayne, R. K.; Lehman, D.; Girman, D.; Gogan, P. J. P.; Gilbert, D. A.; Hansen, K.; Peterson, R. O.; Seal, U. S.; Eisenhawer, A.; Mech, L. D.; Krumenaker, R. J. Conservation genetics of the endangered Isle Royale gray wolf Conservation Biology; 1991. 5(1): 41-51. [In English with Spanish summ.]

Wayne, R. K.; O'Brien, S. J. Allozyme divergence within the Canidae. Syst. Zool.; 1987. 36 (4): 339-355.

Weaver, J. L. Differential detectability of redents in coyote scats. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1979. 43: 783-786.

Weaver, J. L. Of wolves and grizzly bears. West. Wildlands; 1986. 12(3): 27-29.

Weaver, J. L. Population history, ecology and status of wolves in north-western Wyoming. Presented at the Portland International Wolf Symposium, August 1979, Portland, Oregon. 1979.

Weaver, J. L. Refining the Equation for Interpreting Prey Occurrence in Gray Wolf Scats. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1993. 57(3): 534-538.

Weaver, J. L. The Wolves of Yellowstone. U.S. Natl. Park Serv., Natural Resour. Rep.; 1978. 14.

Weaver, J. L. Wolf predation upon elk in the Rocky Mountain parks of North America; a review. In Boyce, M. S. & Wing L. D. eds. North American elk: Ecology, behavior and management. 1979. 29-37.

Weaver, J. L. Wolf-livestock relationships: A profile and perspective. USDA For. Ser.; 1981. Unpubl.

Weaver, J. L.; Arvidson, C.; Wood, P. Two wolves, (Canis lupus), killed by a moose (Alces alces), in Jasper National Park, Alberta Can. Field-Nat.; 1992. 106(1): 126-127.

Weaver, J. L.; Fritts, S. H. Comparison of coyote and wolf scat diameters. J. Wildl. Manage.; 1979. 43 (3): 786-788.

Webb, W. L. Notes on a Method for Censusing Snowshoe Hare Populations J. Wildl. Manage.; 1942. 6(1): 67-69.

Weibel, E. R.; et. al. Maximal oxygen consumption and pulmonary diffusing capacity: a direct comparison of physiologic and morphometric measurements in canids. Respir. Physiol.; 1983. 54: 173-188.

Weise, T. F.; Robinson, W. L.; Hook, R. A.; Mech, L. D. An experimental translocation of the eastern timber wolf USDA, Fish and Wildl. Serv., Reg. 3, Audubon Cons. Rept.; 1975. 5: 1-28.

Wetmore, A. The gray fox attracted by a crow call. J. Mamm.; 1952. 33 (2): 244-245.

White, M. J. D. Descriptions of remains of deer fawns killed by coyotes. J. Mamm.; 1973. 54: 291-293.

White, P. A.; Boyd, D. K. A cougar, (Felis concolor), kitten killed and eaten by gray wolves, (Canis lupus), in Glacier National Park, Montana Canadian Field-Nat.; 1989. 103(3): 408-409.

White, R. G. Foraging patterns and their multiplier effects on productivity of northern ungulates Oikos; 1983. 40: 377-384.

Whitlock, S. C. Identification of wolf, coyote, dog Michigan Conservation; October 1948. 6-7.

Whitten, K. R.; Fancy, S. G. Movement patterns of the Porcupine caribou herd in relation to oil development ADF&G, Wildlife Conservation; January 1991.

Wikan, S.; Mysterud, T. The wolf (*Canis lupus lupus) in south Varanger, north Norway, in the winter of 1981-82. [Norwegian with English summary] Fauna (Oslo); 1983. 36(1): 1-14.

Wiley, R. H.; Richards, D. G. Physical constraints on acoustic communication in the atmosphere: implications for the evolution of animal vocalizations. Behav, Ecol. Sociobiol.; 1978. 3: 69-94.

Williams, L. W.; Peiffer, R. L.; Gelatt, K. N. Cataract resorption in a young wolf. Vet. Med.; 1977. 72(3).

Williams, M. W.; Baldwin, H. A.; Williams, C. S. Body temperature observations on a caged Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) by remote telemetry J. Mamm.; 1968. 49: 329-331.

Williams, S. L.; McLaren, S. B.; Burgwin, M. A. Paleo-archaeological and historical records of selected Pennsylvania mammals. Ann Carnegie Mus.; 1985. 54(4): 77-188.

Williams, T. M. Summer diet and behaviour of wolves denning on barren-groung caribou range in the Northwest Territories, Canada Univ. Alberta, Canada, M.S. Thesis; 1990.

Willkomm, S. Quantitative analysis of the ontogeny of play behaviour in canid hybrids Ethology; 1990. 86(4): 287-302.

Wilson, D. J.; Soulliere, G. J. Simulated Howling Confirms Resident Wolves on Northern Michigan Islands MI DNR, Wildlife Division Report ; Dec 1994. 3219.

Wiltse, E. Summary of the status of wolves in Saskatchewan . In Carbyn, L. N. ed. Wolves of Canada and Alaska. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep.; 1983. 45: 125.

Wing, J. F.; Glazier, D. J. Longer-term faunal cycles in the Central Canadian Arctic Ohio J. Sci.; 1992. 92(2): 57. (Abstract only.)

Wobeser, G. Traumatic, degenerative, and developmental lesions in wolves and coyotes from Saskatchewan J. Wildl. Dis.; 1992. 28(2): 268-275.

Wobeser, G.; Runge, W.; Stewart, R. R. *Metorchis *conjunctus (Cobbold, 1860) infection in wolves (Canis lupus), with pancreatic involvement in two animals. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1983. 19 (4): 353-356.

Wolfe, M. L. Mortality patterns in the Isle Royale moose population. Am. Midl. Nat.; 1977. 94(2): 267-279.

Wolfe, M. L.; Allen, D. L. Continued studies of the status, socialization and relationships of Isle Royale wolves, 1967-70 J. Mamm.; 1973. 54 (3): 611-631.

Wolsan, M.; Bieniek, M.; Buchalczyk, T. The history of the distributional and numerical changes of the wolf (*Canis lupus) in Poland. Proc. 18th Congress of IUGB, Aug. 1987, Krakow, Poland.; 1987.

Woolpy, J. H. Population control in wolves. Manuscript; 1965.

Woolpy, J. H. Socialization of wolves. Sci. and Psychoanal.; 1968. 12: 82-94.

Woolpy, J. H. Socially controlled systems of mating among wolves and other gregarious mammals and their implications for the genetics of natural populations. University of Chicago, Ph.D. Thesis; 1967.

Woolpy, J. H. The social organization of wolves. Nat. Hist.; 1968. 77(5): 46-55.

Woolpy, J. H.; Ginsburg, B. E. Wolf socialization: a study of temperament in a wild social species. Amer. Zool.; 1967. 7: 357-363.

Worley, D. E.; Zarlenga, D. S.; Seesee, F. M. Freezing resistance of a trichinella spiralis nativa isolate from a graywolf in Montana, with observations on genetic and biological characteristics of the biotype J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash.; 1990. 57(1): 57-60.

Yadav, R. N. Notes on breeding the Indian wolf at Jaipur Zoo. Int. Zoo Yb.; 1968. 8: 17-18.

Yensen, D. A grazing history of southwest Idaho with emphasis on the Snake River Birds of Prey Natural Area. U.S. Dep. Inter. Bur. Land Manage.; 1980.

Young, S. P. North American wolves. American Forests; 1966. 72(10): 8-9, 46-48.

Young, S. P.; Jackson, H. H. T. The Clever Coyote. Washington, D.C.: Wildlife Management Institute; 1951.

Zabolotskikh, Yu. S. Behavioural ecology in several species of the Canidae family. In Rykhlova, L. F.; Musayeva, D. S. eds., Ecology and Hunting of Game Animals. 1983. 63-71. [In Russian]

Zarnke, R. L.; Ballard, W. B. Serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens of wolves in Alaska. J. Wildl. Dis.; 1987. 23(1): 77-85.

Zarnoch, S. J.; Turner, B. J. A computer simulation model for the study of wolf-moose population dynamics. J. Environ. Sys.; 1974. 4(1): 39-51.

Zarzadzenie Ministra Lesnictwa i Przemyslu Drzewnego Nr 17 z dn. W sprawie zmniejszenia ilosci wilkow. [Decree of the Ministry of Forestry and Wood Industries on limiting the number of wolves 7/5/1973]. 1973. [In Polish]

Zarzadznie Nr 10 Ministra Lesnictwa i Przemyslu Drzewnego. w sprawie ustalenia szczegolowych zasad opracowania lowieckiego planu hodowlanego oraz sprawozdania z jego wykonania. [Decree of the Min. of For. and Wood Indust. on calculating the harvest quotas of game species] Dz. Urzedowy Min. Lesn. i Przem. Drzew; 1974. 2: 9.

Zheleznov, N. Helminthofauna of wolf in Northern Asia Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol.; 1991. 20(2): 784-791.

Ziegler, J. M.; Gustavson, C. R.; Holzer, G. A.; Gruber, D. Anthelmintic-based taste aversions in wolves. Appl. Anim. Ethol.; 1983. 9: 373-377.

Zimen, E. On the regulation of pack size in wolves. Z. Tierpsychol; 1976. 40: 300-341.

Zimen, E.; Boitani, L. Number and distribution of wolves in Italy. Z. Saugetier; 1975. 40: 102-112.

Zollitsch, H. 1969 Metrische Untersuchungen an Schadeln adulter Wildwolfe und Goldschakale. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 182: 153-182.

Oppdatert 20.02.2006 / RM